GENEALC" ' COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 01074 6649
|
Digitized by |
the Internet Archive |
||
|
in 2013 |
http://archive.org/details/michiganhistoric06mich
PIONEER COLLECTIONS.
12- El i» O 12, T
OF THE
lONEEE SOCIET
OF THE
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
TOGETHER WITH
♦
Eeports of Ooukty, Town, and District Pioneer Societies.
■VOL.. v^i.
LANSma, MIOH.: W. S. GEORGE & CO., STATE PRINTERS & BINDERS,
1884.
EntererJ according to Act of Congress, in the year 1884, by tlie
"PIONEER SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN," In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
W. S. GKORGK & CO., PUINTEIIS, LANSING, MICH.
PREFACE.
1144434
The Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan, in givins? to the public the sixth volume of " Collections," cannot but congratulate the pioneers of Michigan upon the success that has attended their efforts to secure from all parts of the State authentic narratives of those who were most prominent in its settlement, and in the gradual extinguishment of the Indian Claims and the removal of most of the tribes from the State. The wise but guarded liberality of the Legislature in granting aid to the society which is reimbursed from the proceeds of the sales of the Collections," has enabled the committee of histo- rians to publish the proceedings of the society and a part of the valuable material which it has collected much more rapidly than could otherwise have been done. This and the interesting annual meetings of the society have been of great service in the influence they have borne of the work that is being done in collecting and preserving mateiial for the future historian. Our work of necessity is of a miscellaneous character, but all having a tendency to bring out most distinctly by whom and in what manner our pioneers laid the foundation of the government, and of the various departments and institutions of the State in which we all so justly take great pride.
The material collected and carefully filed, indexed, and preserved, so as to be easily obtainable when required for use, is much greater than that printed in the six volumes; and if the society shall in the future receive from the State and from individuals the same helping hand as heretofore, it will in a few years form a collection of historic matter bear- ing on its settlement, as complete if not more so, than any State in the Union.
We confidently expect and thankfully receive contributions of historical matter from all those who can aid us in preserving our early history. Every communication of this nature is carefully preserved and published as rapidly as the means of the society will justify.
The interest taken in the work being done is manifested by the largely increased attendance at our annual meetings, and more particularly by the largely increased sale of the '* Collections" as the volumes are issued. We submit volume six io the society and to the public, confident that it will be found of equal interest and value with the volumes which have preceded it.
MICHAEL SHOEMAKEK, Chairman,
TkLCOTT E. WING,
p. C. COMSTOCK,
HEZEKIAH G. WELLS,
N. H. GOODRICH,
HAEEIET A. TENNEY, Secretary,
Committee of Historians.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Appropriation for Society 1
Officers elected, June 14th, 1883 3
Annual Meeting, June 13tli, 1883 5
Report of Kecording Secretary 6
Corresponding Secretary 10
Treasurer 11
Committee of Historians 11
Welcome to the Pioneers — Wm.Larabie 13
The Copper Nugget— B. O. Williams 14
Last Visit to Michigan — Rev. Geo. Taylor 15
Veterans of the War with Mexico; 18
Dr. Henry Tappan 25
Rev. George Palmer Williams 26
Rev, P]rastus Otis Haven 35
How Michigan got into the Union^ 59
Toledo War Song— Crawford 60
History of the Press of Michigan— T. S. Applegate 62
The Abolishment of Death Penalty— H. H. Bingham 99
Remarkable Instance of Capital Crime— C Colton 103
Michigan, My Michigan— W. C. Ransom 106
Canada and the United States 113
The Michigan State Agricultural College — President Abbot .... 115
History of Hillsdale College— John C. Patterson 137
List of New Members of State Pioneer Society 166
Allegan County:
My Jewels— Mrs. Mary E. Waldron 167
Memorial Report 168
Alpena County:
History of Alpena County— Wm. Bolton 170
Bay County:
Memorial Report— W. R. McCormick 211
Berrien County:
Ninth Annual Meeting of Pioneers 213
Memorial Report—A, B. Leads 215
Branch County:
Sketches of Early History— Harvey Haynes . , . . . . .216
Song to Our Pioneers— Mrs. Emma Tuttle 324
vi
Contents.
Page.
Quincy's semi-centennial Celebration 225
Semi-Centennial Poem — D. M. Campbell 228
Semi-(yentenMial Address — Hon. Chas. Rynd ........ 232
Semi-Centennial History— Rev. J. E.Fisher 237
Calhoun County:
How Battle Creek Received its Name — O. Poppleton 248
Memorial Report— A. O. Hyde 251
Clinton County:
Memorial Report— Hon. S. S. Walker -. . 265
Eaton County:
Memorial Report— D. B. Hale 270
Genesee County:
Memorial Report— Gov. Josiah W. Begole . . . . . . . 273
Gratiot County:
Memorial Report 281
Ingham County:
County Pioneer Society 282
History of Mictiigan Female College— Mrs. Eliza C. Smith . . . 284
Burning of the Old Capitol 290
Location of the Capital at Lansing . . 292
Reminiscential — Geo. P. Sanford 292
Memorial Report— George H. Greene 295
In Memoj-iam— Rev. Geo. Taylor 298
Ionia County:
Christmas in Ionia fifty years ago — P. H. Taylor 300
Memorial Report 301
Jackson County:
Memorial Report— John L. Mitchell 306
Kalamazoo County:
The Pioneer Picnic 308
In Memoriam — A. D. P. Van Buren 315
To the State Pioneer Society— Henry Bishop 317
Memorial Report — Henry Bishop 319
Kent County:
Our Banks 319
Growth of Grand Rapids 325
Memorial Report — Robert Hilton 328
Lenawee County:
Memorial of Fernando C. Beaman— F. A. Dewey 338
Memorial Report— F. A. Dewey . . , 339
Livingston County:
Memorial Report— Nelson B. Green 342
Mackinac County:
County of Mackinac— D. H. Kelton 343
Ancient names of Rivers, Lakes, etc. 349
Marquette Monument Association 351
Marquette 352
Point St. Ignace 354
Old iMackinaw 355
Macomb County:
. Early settlement of Mt. Clemens— Gen. John Stockton .... 357
Mt. Clemens and Vicinity— Edward Tucker 359
Contexts. vii
Page.
Monroe County:
Early History— Hon. T. P. Christiancy 361
History of Monroe, continued— Talcott E. Wing 374
Memorial Keport— J. M. Sterling 3S3
Oakland County:
First Settlement of Pontiac— Orisson Allen 384
Memorial Report— E, W. Peck 386
Ottawa County:
Old Settlers' Association 386
Rev. Wm. M. Ferry 391
A Reverie— L. M. S. Smith 397
Memorial Report — Henry Pennoyer 399
St. Clair County:
History of St. Clair County— Hon. Wm. T. Mitchell . . . . .403
Legends of Indian History— Hon. Wm. T. Mitchell 416
Lake St. Clair in 1880— C. Colton 418
St. Joseph County:
Annual Meeting of County Pioneer Society 420
Maple Sugar making 422
Early occurrences about Kottawa Sepe — Wm. H. Cross .... 423
Saginaw County:
Pioneer Life in 1830— Mrs. Azuhah L. Jevvett 426
Shiawassee ('ounty:
Memorial Report— B. O. Williams 430
Van Buren County:
Memorial Report — Eaton Branch 431
Washtenaw County:
Early Settlement of Ann Arbor— Bethuel Farrand 443
Memorial Report — E. D. Lay 446
Funeral Services of Hon. J. Webster Childs 450
Death of George W. Lee 458
Wayne County:
Indian Affairs around Detroit in 1706 458
The Battle of Brownstown, 1812— Levi Bishop 464
The Battle of Monguagon — Levi Bishop 466
Anecdotes of tlie Bar — Levi Bishop • . 470
Incidents in the Life of Eber Ward— Mrs. E. M. S. Stewart ... 471
Biographical Sketch of Onesiraus Price — Levi Bishop 474
Biographical Sketch of Gen. Van Aiken— Levi Bishop .... 476
Biographical Sketch of Charles C. Trowbridge — Hon. J. V. Campbell . . 478
Life of Mrs. Eliza S. Bagg— Levi Bishop 491
Marie Anne M. Godfrey— Levi Bishop . . . . • . . . . 497
The Knaggs Farm and Windmill— J. C. Holmes 500
Gen. Cass and the British Flag 502
Sketch of Executive Mansion in 1826— T. L. McHenry .... 503
Pontiac and the siege of Detroit 504
Biographical Sketch of Rev. Charles Fox— Wm. H. Fox .... 513
Memorial Report — Hon. Philo Parsons 517
General Index 522
Index of Names 531
AN ACT
TO PROVIDE A'N APPROPRIATION FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE PIONEER SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN FOR THE YEARS 1883 AND 1884.
Section 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact. That there is hereby appropriated from the general fund for each of the years eighteen hundred and eighty-three and eighteen hundred and eighty-four, to the Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan, the sum of five hundred dollars, to be expended from time to time, whenever needed, for the purposes of said Society, in col- lecting, embodying, arranging, and preserving in authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, maps, charts, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials, illustrative of the history of Michigan ; to rescue from oblivion the memory of its early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve narratives of their early exploits, perils, and hardy adventures; to secure facts and statements relative to the history, genius, progress, or decay of our Indian tribes ; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities, and the past and present resources of Michigan ; but no part of such annual appropriation shall ever be paid for service rendered by its officers to the society.
Sec. 2. There is hereby further appropriated from the general fund for each of the years eighteen hundred and eighty-three and eighteen hundred and eighty-four, the sum of two thousand dollars, or as much thereof as may be necessary for the publishing by the State printer, in each of the years eighteen hundred and eighty-three and eighteen hundred and eighty-four, under the direction of the Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan, one volume of matter prepared and selected by the officers of said society, said volume in each year not to exceed seven hundred and twenty pages; and to be in type, style of printing, and binding, similar to the Pioneer Collections heretofore published by said Pioneer Society ; the number of copies so to be published under the direction of said Pioneer Society, not to exceed in each year three thousand volumes.
Sec. 3. Five hundred copies of each volume to be published as heretofore in this act provided for, shall be deposited in the State library of Michigan, for exchange with the pioneer and historical societies of other States, govern- • ments, and countries. A further distribution of said volumes to be made by the officers of said Pioneer Society, to each of the duly incorporated public libraries in the State of Michigan, when demanded by the proper officers of said libraries, and the balance to be placed in the hands of the State librarian, to be sold at a price not less than seventy-five cents per volume, the proceeds to be deposited in the State treasury to the credit of the general fund.
Sec. 4. The money appropriated by this act may be drawn from the State Treasury from time to time, on warrant of the Auditor General, based on the requisition of the proper officers of the Society, subject to the requirements of law in regard to filing vouchers and accounts.
Approved April 26, 1883.
PIONEER SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF MIOHiaAN,
OFFICERS
OP THE
PIONEER SOCIETY OF THE STATE Elected June 14, 1883.
PRESIDENT.
HON. CHAS. I. WALKER, Detroit.
VICE-t>RESIDENTS.
County. Name. Residence.
Allegan, .... Don. C. Henderson, Allegan.
Barry, David G. Eobinson, Hastings.
Bay, Wm. K. McCormick, Bay City.
Berrien, Alex. B. Leeds, .... Berrien Springs.
Branch, . . . . CD. Randall, Coldwater.
Calhoun, A. O. Hyde, Marshall.
Clare, Henry Woodruff, . . . . . Farwell.
Clinton, Samuel S. Walker, St. Johns.
Eaton, David B. Hale, Eaton Rapids.
Emmet, Isaac D. Toll, Petoskey,
Oenesee, Josiah W. Begole, Flint.
Grand Traverse, . . J. G. Ramsdell, .... Traverse City.
Hillsdale, .... E. O. Grosvenor, Jonesville.
Ingham, Orlando M. Barnes, Lansing.
Ionia, Hampton Rich, Ionia.
Jackson, John L. Mitchell, Jackson.
Kalamazoo, . . . Henry Bishop, Kalamazoo.
Kent, Robert Hilton, . . . . . Grand Rapids.
Lapeer, .... John B. Wilson, ...... Lapeer.
Lenawee, .... Francis A. Dewey, Cambridge.
Livingston, .... Nelson B. Green, .... Fowlerville.
Macomh, .... John E. Day, Armada.
Marquette, .... Peter White, Marquette.
Monroe, .... J. M. Sterling, Monroe.
Montcalm, .... Joseph P. Shoemaker, .... Amsden.
Muskegon, . . . Henry H. Holt, Muskegon.
Oakland, . . . .0. Poppleton, Birmingham.
Oceana, .... Oliver K. White, New Era.
Ottawa, .... Henry Pennoyer, Nunica.
Saginaw, .... Charles W. Grant, .... East Saginaw.
4
Pioneer Society of Michigan.
County. Name. Residence.
Shiawassee, . , . Roger Haviland, Byron.
St. Clair, .... Wm. T. Mitchell, Port Huron.
St. Joseph, .... H.H.Riley, Constantino.
Tuscola, .... TowNSEND North, Vassar.
Van Buren, .... Eaton Branch, Decatur.
"Washtenaw, . . . Ezra D. Lay, Ypsilanti.
Wayne, .... Philo Parsons, Detroit.
RECORDINO SECRETARY.
HARRIET A. TENNEY, Lansing.
I
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
GEORGE H. GREENE, Lansing.
TREASURER.
EPHRAIM LONGYEAR, Lansing.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
CHARLES I. WALKER, ex-offlcio, Detroit.
ALBERT MILLER, Bay City.
JOHN C. HOLMES, Detroit.
HENRY FRALICK, Grand Rapids.
COMMITTEE OF HISTORIANS.
MICHAEL SHOEMAKER, Jackson.
TALCOTT E. WING, Monroe.
OLIVER C. COMSTOCK, Marshall.
HEZEKIAH G. WELLS, Kalamazoo.
M. H. GOODRICH, Ann Arbor.
FRANCIS A. DEWEY, Cambridge.
HARRIET A. TENNEY, Lansing.
PIOMER SOCIETY OF MICHIGAN.
ANNUAL MEETING, JUNE 13, 1883.
ADDKESS OP HON. C. I. WALKEK, OF DETKOIT, PRESIDENT OF THE STATE PIONEER SOCIETY.
You are to be congratulated upon the increasing interest that is being taken in the transactions of the society, and we trust that interest, as it should, will continue to increase, and its usefulness thus be enlarged.
It is not ten years since this society was organized. Its object, as stated in the articles of association, was to collect and preserve historical, biographical and other information in relation to the State of Michigan. It has within this time fully shown its right to exist, by its works. It has gathered a large amount of valuable material illustrative of the history, condition, and resources, much of which would otherwise have been hopelessly lost. It has published three volumes of collections, and a fourth will soon be issued. The contents of these volumes are of rich and varied interest. They represent a large amount of careful research, as well as the recorded recollections of a large number of early settlers, many of whom have already passed away. Some of these recollections ave of romantic interest.
While these collections are from their very nature, miscellaneous and frag- mentary in their character, they will fall into harmony, and furnish to the future historian rich material for a history of our state, and enable him to get a vivid picture of its early social condition.
Not having been an active member of the society, I can speak with freedom of the zeal, energy, and wisdom with which its affairs have been conducted ; and while many others have been eflScient and successful workers, especial credit is due to the recording secretary, Mrs. Tenney, and the chairman of the historical committee, J. 0. Holmes, for the results achieved.
While much has been done, much yet remains to be done in the line of work in collecting and preserving the material illustrative of the early history of our State, and its material and social condition during the different stages of its progress.
While Michigan is one of the newer States it has a peculiarly rich and
6
PiOKEER Society oe Miohig-an.
romantic history, reaching back for more than two centuries through the English and French dominion to that of the savage tribes that inhabited our borders. The history in all its details should be preserved, and the respon- sibility of doing this now rests largely upon this society. The Legislature has shown its confidence by making appropriations to facilitate the publication of our collections and there is no other organization engaged in the work. The membership should be largely increased, and efforts should be made to attract attention to the great value and interest of our publications. ISTo Michigan library should be considered complete without them.
Since our last meeting some of the pioneers have fallen asleep, and among them one of our oldest and most valuable members, — Charles 0. Trowbridge. It would be difficult to name a man who was at once so widely known and so beloved and revered. For more than 60 years he had been a resident of Michigan, and intimately connected with its history. He not only made his- tory, but he wrote history. Some of the most interesting papers in our col- lections are from his pen. I do not propose to pass any eulogy upon him, but I am glad to state that we may expect a tribute to his memory from one whose long and intimate acquaintance with Mr. Trowbridge especially fits him for that work of love — Hon. James V. Campbell. I trust that this annual gathering will be at once a. pleasant and useful one.
EEPORT of the RECORDINa SECRETARY.
Office of the ) " Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan," > Lansing, June 13, 1883. )
In accordance with the provisions of the constitution of the "Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan/' I herewith present my ninth annual report.
ANNUAL MEETING, 1882.
The ninth annual meeting of the society was held in Representative Hall, commencing at 2 o'clock Wednesday afternoon, June ?, 1882.
OFFICERS PRESENT.
President — Prof. John C. Holmes.
Vice-Presidents— K. H. Morrison, J. M. Begole, E. F. Wade, F. A. Dewey, J . M. Sterling, A. C. Baldwin, T. North, A. B. Copley, E. D. Lay.
Recording Secretary — Harriet A. Tenney. Corresponding Secretary — Geo. H. Greene. Treasurer — E. Longyear.
Executive Committee — Judge Albert Miller, Henry Fralick, F. A. Dewey.
Committee of HistoiHans — Col. M. Shoemaker, Dr. 0. C. Comstock, M. H. Goodrich, Harriet A. Tenney.
The president, John C. Holmes, called the society to order. The exercises of the first session were opened with the reading of scriptures and prayer by Rev. M. Hickey, and the audience united in singing "My country, 'tis of thee," led by Miss Addie Berridge, organist.
The reports of the recording and corresponding secretaries and the treasurer
Annual Meeting-.
7
were read, accepted, and adopted. Guide me, 0 thou Great Jehovah" was sung by the audience.
The report of the committee of historians was made verbally by Col. M. Shoemaker, — the chairman, H. G. Wells, not being present.
Memorial reports were received from Allegan, Berrien, Genesee, Shiawassee, Hillsdale, Kalamazoo, Lenawee, Monroe, Oakland, Tuscola, Washtenaw, and Wayne counties. The audience then sang Blest be the tie that binds."
Henry M. Utley, of Detroit, read a memorial paper on the life and character of Chancellor Henry P. Tappan, the first president of the Michigan University, ' and, on motion of Philo Parsons, of Detroit, the thanks of the society were voted to Mr. Utley for his valuable paper.
The president appointed as a committee on the nomination of officers for 1884, Henry Fralick, W. J. Baxter, J. M. Sterling, B. 0. Williams, and A. B. Copley.
Kev. Geo. Taylor presented his report as chairman of the committee on Pioneer Hospital. The report was accepted and placed on file. Albert Miller requested that the same committee might be continued, and report further at the next annual meeting. On motion of Dr. H. B. Shank, the report was made the subject of special order for Thursday afternoon, immediately after the election of officers.
The society then adjourned to meet again at 7 o'clock in the evening.
Wednesday Evening.
The society met according to adjournment, the president in the chair. The exercises of the evening were opened with reading of scriptures and prayer by President T. 0. Abbot of the Agricultural College.
" Like as a father pitieth his children " was sung by the quartette, Messrs. H. A. Lee and L. A. Baker, and Mesdames E. B. DeViney and D. F. Woodcock, with Miss Addie Berridge as organist.
John C. Holmes, the president, then delivered his address, which was fol- lowed by a solo and chorus, The harvest time is passing," sung by the quartette.
Hon. Geo. H. Hopkins, of Detroit, read a valuable memorial on the life of Ex-Governor John J. Bagley. The quartette followed with that beautiful song, *'Lead me gently home, Father."
A poem, Recollections of pioneer life," by George B. Turner, was read by T. C. Abbot. ''The revolutionary rising," or " The spirit of ' 76," a recitation, was beautifully rendered by Miss Oara L. Peck. "Good night to the day" was sung by the quartette, and the society adjourned to meet again Thursday morning at 9 o'clock.
Thursday Morning.
The society met according to adjournment, and was called to order by the president. Eeading of scriptures and prayer were offered by Rev. Geo. Taylor, and the audience joined in singing ''Nearer, my God to Thee."
A paper on the life and times of Wm. A. Burt, of Mt. Clemens, was read by Scott Cannon. A song in the Indian language, with translation, was sung by Rev. Manasseh Hickey.
Col. M. Shoemaker read a memorial of Levi Bishop, prepared by J. E.
8
Pioneer Society of MicmaAK.
Vanderwerker. *'The schools of Detroit from 1816 to 1819," being personal reminiscences, was read by B. 0. Williams, of Owosso.
Dr. 0. 0. Oomstock, chairman of the committee on invitations, read a letter of regrets received from Dr. James H. Jerome, of Saginaw.
{Note. — For notice of the death of Dr. Jerome, see vol. 4, Pioneer Collec- tions, page 542.)
Hon. Witter J. Baxter read a paper on **The rise and progress of Michigan," prepared by Hon. Thomas W. Ferry.
President Holmes observing that ''Father Little," an aged colored man, was present, moved that he be made a member of the society. The resolution was adopted. A sketch of Mr. Little's life was given verbally by Dr. Wm. Haze. It was thought that he was about 90 years of age. Mr. Little being called upon, made a few appropriate remarks and placed his name on the membership book. He stated that Mrs, Berry, of North Lansing, taught him his letters. Mrs. Berry's grandfather owned him as a slave in Wayne county, State of New York.
{Note, — A notice of the death of Father Little will be published in vol. 7, Pioneer Collections.)
By request, Eev. M. Hickey sang "He died at his post." The society thea adjourned till 2 o'clock, p. m.
Thursday Afternoon.
The society met according to adjournment, the president in the chair. The exercises of the afternoon were opened with prayer, offered by Eev. George Taylor, and "Rock of Ages" was sung by the audience.
Eev. Manasseh Hickey read a continuation of his paper of one year ago, entitled ''Eeminiscences as minister and missionary of the Methodist Episcopal church in Michigan in 1847."
'* Eecollections of things that occurred in Michigan over 40 years ago," was read by Mrs. S. L. Withey, of Grand Eapids. ''The sword of Bunker Hill," a solo, was sung by W. L. Smith, and by request, Mr. Smith also sang " In a hundred fathoms deep."
The following preamble and resolutions were offered by Col. M. Shoemaker, and adopted :
Whereas, The Historical Society of Michigan is not now continuing its labors, and has no longer an active existence ; and
"Whereas, That society did, during the time when it was in working order, collect many valuable books, papers, and other articles which are of great historic value, and which are still in the possession of members of that society; and
Whereas, It is important that all these collections should be placed where their preservation will be ensured, and where they will be accessible to the reader and historian. Therefore,
Besolved, By the Michigan State Pioneer Society, that the members of the Histor- ical Society of Michigan be, and they are hereby, requested to place the valuable collection of books, papers, and articles belonging to it in charge of the State Pioneer Society, to be by them placed in the section of the State Library assigned to the society, where the collection will be held as a State charge, and from which no part of the same can be removed without the consent of the Legislature of the State, or used for any purpose except for reference under the rules of the State Pioneer Society.
Besolved, That the corresponding secretary send a copy of this preamble and resolution to Judge James V. Campbell and Hon C. L Walker, with the request that they will give their aid and influence in the procuring favorable action by the Historical Society of Michigan.
Anisttjal Meeting.
9
A telegram conveying the regrets of Hon. Thomas W. Palmer for not being able to attend this meeting was read by the president.
Miss Oara L. Peck gave a recitation, "Whistling in Heaven."
Talcott E. Wing presented a continuation of his history of Monroe county, and A. B. Copley followed with a paper on the Early settlement of south- western Michigan." Hon. Josiah W. Begole read a paper, being '^Eecollections of our homes, manners, customs, and the way we lived fifty years ago." Henry Fralick read a memorial of Jonathan Shearer, third president of the State Pioneer Society, and then a favorite hymn of Mr. Shearer, Brightest and best of the sons of the morning," was sung by the audience.
Mr. Fralick presented his report as chairman of the committee on the nom- ination of officers for 1883. The report was accepted, and the nominees were unanimously elected.
(Note. — For list of officers elected see pages 3-4 of this volume of the Pioneer Collections.)
The audience joined in singing **Tell me the old, old story," and the society adjourned to meet again at 7:30 in the evening.
Thursday evening.
The society was called to order by the President, and the exercises of the evening were opened with prayer by Rev. Geo. Taylor, and the audience joined in singing *'A11 hail the power of Jesus' name." C. B. Stebbins read *^The story of another pioneer," and Judge C. A. Stacy presented a paper on " The early members of the Lenawee county bar."
Miss May Kingf favored the audience with a violin solo, "The last rose of summer." A memorial of Rev. John D. Pierce was read by Dr. 0. C. Corn- stock. Miss Jessie Baker sang a solo, "By the sad sea waves." A paper entitled " Early days in Michigan," written by Robert E. Roberts of Detroit, was read by Philo Parsons. W. L. Smith followed with a solo, ^*The watcher."
Dr. 0. 0. Comstock offered the following resolution, which was adopted :
Besolved, That to the State officers for the use of Kepresentative Hall for our sessions, to the Presbyterian choir, the organists, Miss Berridge and Miss Barnard, to Miss Kin^, Miss Baker, and W. Ij. Smith for the charming and artistic music with which they have enlivened our sessions, to Miss Peck for her eloquent and effective recitations, the thanks of the Pioneer Society are due, and are hereby most cordially tendered.
Dr. O. C. Comstock also offered the following resolution, which was adopted :
Besolved^ That the thanks of this society are due, and are hereby tendered to retir- ing president, Prof. J. C. Holmes, for the able, efficient, and impartial manner in which he has discharged the duties of his position, and that his efficiency as an officer assures his continued interest and efficient services as a private while his health and strength remains ; and of the long continuance of these his fresh and youthful appear- ance gives cheering promise.
Hon. Philo Parsons gave some account of Michigan at the Yorktown cen- tennial, and in connection therewith made a most noble and manly defense of the character and acts of Governor David H. Jerome. Mr. Witter J. Baxter also denounced the statements made in certain quarters against the Governor as pure fabrications, from his personal knowledge of facts.
Many anecdotes were told and remarks made by the old pioneers during the 2
10
Pioneer Society oe MicmaAisr.
various sessions of this meeting, and the exercises were finally closed by the audience joining in singing the *'01d folks' song," (Auld Lang Syne). The benediction was pronounced by Eev. Geo. Taylor.
DONATIONS.
The donations made to the society since the last report are not large in numbers, but are of great historical value. They are recorded in detail on the record books of the society, and are in numbers as follows :
Historical manuscripts 30
Bound volumes of books 9
Unbound books 5
Pamphlets _ _ 26
Newspapers containing historical articles 22
Posters of the Central Michigan Agricultural Society 4
MEMBERSHIP.
The increase in the membership of the society is not as large as usual. The names are as follows : Charles Grant, A. D. P. Van Buren, Dr. William H. Haze, Florus S. Finley, Mrs. Jane M. Finley, David H. Jerome, Geo. H. Cannon, James Little, Mrs. Florence (Bagley) Sherman, George H. Hopkins, Goodnough Townsend, Martin V. Montgomery, George M. Parks, Eaton Branch, John L. Mitchell, Mrs. Marian L. Withey, Artemas J. Dean, John T* Goodman, Joshua Manwaring, Alexander B. Leeds.
These make an addition of twenty members during the past year, and the total number of names now enrolled upon our membership book is five hun- dred and sixty.
HAERIET A. TENNEY,
Recording Secretary,
REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
Lansing, June 13, 1883, To the Officers and Memlers of the Michigan State Pioneer Society:
In conformity to custom I herewith submit the file of letters and com- munications received during the year, all of which have been promptly answered or acknowledged. No correspondence of a special character has occured since my last annual report.
Immediately after the close of our last annual meeting I sent notices to all the vice presidents elect, informing them of their election and instructing them in their duties ; the principal of which is to procure biographical sketches and obituary notices of all pioneers of their county who have died during the year, and report the same either in person or by letter, at the annual meeting. On the 14th of May I again sent them notices reminding them of the approaching meeting and of their duties, requesting them if possible, to be present with their report; or if they could not come, to for- ward it in time to be presented at this meeting. I have received several of these reports, which will be presented at the proper time.
Since our last meeting, as far as I have been able to ascertain, nine mem^
Ai^-KUAL Meeting.
11
bers of this society have been taken away by death ; viz. : Geo. W. Lee of Ypsilanti, died June 8, 1882; Mrs. Abigail Eogers Pratt of Lansing, Sept. 2O3 1882; Hon. J. Webster Ohilds of Augusta, Washtenaw Co., Nov. 9, 1883; Ebenezer P. Wade of Corunna, vice president for Shiawassee county, Nov. 13, 1882; Cyrus Hewitt of Lansing, Nov. 23, 1882; Samuel F. Drury of Olivet, Feb. 13, 1883 ; Duncan A. McMartin of Allegan, vice president for Allegan county, April 10, 1883; Gen. Ralph Ely, vice pres- ident for Gratiot county, April 12, 1883 ; and William H. Horton of Vevay, June 12, 1883.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
GEO. H. GREENE, Corresponding Secretary.
REPORT OF THE TREASURER.
To the Officers and Memlers of the State Pioneer Society of Michigan : Your treasurer submits the following report :
E. LONGYBAK, TEEASURER, IN ACCOUNT WITH THE SOCIETY.
Receipts.
To amount on hand at last report $391 55
Received for membership fees _ 72 00
from sale of Pioneer Collections, Vols. 1 and 2 43 50
on State appropriations 1,000 00
from miscellaneous sources - 64
11,507 69
Dislursements.
On account of publishing fund _ $404 05
^' general fund 342 98
By balance, cash on hand, June 13, 1883 760 66
$1,507 69
E. LONGYEAR,
Treasurer,
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF HISTORIANS.
Lansing, Jitne 13, 1883, The committee of historians beg leave to report that the manuscript for volume 4, "Pioneer Collections," was arranged and made ready for the printers early in December, 1882, but the State printers, by whom the volume is to be printed, were very busy at that time printing the annual reports of the State officers, and from the time the Legislature convened in January until
12 PiOKEER Society oe Michigais'.
the close of the session on the 9th inst. they were so crowded with work for the Legislature they were unable to commence work on the society's volume 4.
It being the expressed wish of many members of the society that the por- traits of the ex-presidents, the present president, and the recording secretary, with a short biography of each, should be published in the Pioneer Collec- tions,'' the executive committee and the committee of historians, at a joint meeting, had the matter under discussion, and decided to comply with the request; consequently, the ex-presidents, the present president, and the record- ing secretary, furnished photographic negatives that alberttype might be made from them to be published in volume 4.
Your committee opened correspondence with several of the leading artists upon the subject of furnishing alberttypes, and finally they made a contract with the Forbes Company of Boston to print alberttypes of six ex-presidents, the present president, and the recording secretary. Two of the ex-presidents having steel plate engravings of their portraits, they were used instead of alberttypes, so that in vol. 4 there will be ten portraits, viz., eight alberttypes and two steel plate engravings. Your committee were in hopes to have the alberttypes here by the time of this meeting, but they have not yet arrived.
A short biography of each of the persons represented will accompany the alberttypes. It is the intention of the society to have a portrait of each of the succeeding presidents, with other illustrations, appear in the future volumes of the pioneer collections.
Volume 4 will be published as soon as the printers and book-binders can get it out. Persons wishing for copies of volume 4 can leave their orders with the recording secretary, who will forward them as directed. The price of each of the four volumes here in Lansing is 75 cents; if sent by mail the postage will be 25 cents per volume, making the cost of a volume $1.00.
Volumes 5 and 6 will be printed by the State printers.
Volume 5 will contain the proceedings of the annual meeting of June, 1882, and other pioneer matter.
JOHN C. HOLMES, OLIVER 0. OOMSTOOK, M. H. GOODRICH, H. G. WELLS, M. SHOEMAKER, TALCOT E. WmO, HARRIET A. TENNEY,
Committee.
Welcome to the Pioneers.
13
WELCOME TO THE PIONEERS.
BY WILLIAM LAMBIE, YPSILANTI.
Read at the annual meeting, June 13, 1883.
Welcome to every Wolverine,
To tell how happy we have been,
In glorious days forever gone,
When Michigan was first our home.
Muster, great city of the straits,
And those encircled by the lakes ; .
From where St. Joseph's waters flow,
To the vines and wines of rich Monroe.
From the fields and forests of Washtenaw,
Through the towering pines to Mackinaw.
Welcome, like days in lovely June,
When forests wave and orchards bloom,
Ye Hillsdale farmers, brave and true,
And noble men from Kalamazoo;
Welcome old friends so leal and kind.
To sing the days of "Auld lang syne;"
The days of wolves and Yankee doodle,
Mrs. Sheldon and McDougal.
Welcome all who struck the sturdy strokes,
From Berrien, Buffalo, and Three Oaks.
Eich Pontiac records her struggles.
In early days of Parson Ruggles.
Ladies, unroll the page of knowledge.
Of love and labor in the college ;
With Taylor's worthy cause advancing,
Shout ye' Methodists of Lansing,
Who fought the grand Toledo war.
When Walker stormed Detroit Bar.
Mrs. Finley tells of Washtenaw,
Since Geddes first began to saw.
When the only shelter from a shower.
Was a log house in a lady's bower.
Then Port Huron's judge dined on a bear,
And wrote the legends of St. Clair.
Welcome from Grand Rapids river,
The Ball and Campau men forever;
Welcome Branch county Pioneers,
Coldwater and the cup that cheers.
Welcome to all the silver grays.
To talk of happy, early days.
When in the woods we worked and sung,
When hope was high and life was young.
Some dear, delightful friends have gone,
Leaving our hearts so sad and lone.
While love does warm these hearts of ours,
In thoughts we strew their graves with flowers.
Dear, good, old friends so tried and true,
We bid you all a kind adieu.
The tryst is on the golden shore.
Where' love and life will fade no more.
14
Pioneer Society oe MicHiaAi^.
THE COPPER NUGGET.
PEESENTED BY B. 0. WILLIAMS.
To the State Pioneer Society of Michigan, assembled at Lansing, June 13, 1883.
I herewith donate in the interest of science, this accompanying copper nugget purchased by me June 11th instant, from Isaac N. Moss the finder, and I am fully persuaded and believe that it belongs to the drift period, and when discovered showed no signs of having before been in human hands.
Two other specimens of copper have been found in the same vicinity, one enclosed in a large boulder found by myself in 1857, upon spliting open a rock ; another in an excavation in the earth. These discoveries may aid in showing the direction of the drift from the mines of Lake Superior.
B. 0. WILLIAMS.
LETTER FROM ISAAC If. MOSS.
This copper nugget weighing about 64 lbs. was found by me, Isaac N. Moss, upon my farm in the township of Caledonia, Shiawassee county in May, 1883, on section 30 ; being 1^ mile southeast of the city of Owosso, upon the ridge of sand south of the river. When found it had no appearance of ever having been cut or pounded by artificial means. The cutting and pounding as now shown was done by me. I have disposed of it to Mr. B. 0. Williams of Owosso, who designs to deposit it in the State Pioneer Society collections at the State Capitol at Lansing.
ISAAC MOSS.
Owosso, June II, 1883.
TO SEARCHERS IN SCIENTIFIC FIELDS AND SEARCHERS IN THE MINERAL
WORLD.
My experience in mining of the precious metals, as well as of the baser, has fully convinced me that all masses of native metals, such as gold, silver, copper and galena, are the results of electric and galvanic actions whenever and wherever found in true veins, without regard to the size, density, or purity of the nuggets or masses, and that the pressure of water in such veins is, or was, during the process of decomposition, necessary as a conducting agent, combining with the forces of attraction and cohesion, and it is no doubt true that the Ash Beds, amygdaloidal and conglomerate copper deposits, were the result of heat, as volcanic action combined with the aquatic and possibly electrical agencies.
B. 0. WILLIAMS.
Owosso, June 12, 1883.
FlEST YlSIT TO MiCHiaAiT.
15
FIRST VISIT TO MICHIGAN.
SOME INCIDENTS CONNECTED WITH EAELY METHODISM IN DETROIT.
BY REV. GEO. TAYLOR.
Read at the annual naeeting of the State Pioneer Society, June 13, 1883.
It was on Monday morning, early in the month of July, 1837, in company with Hon. Joseph Sibley and others, of Eochester, Monroe county, Y., that I left that city by packet boat on the raging canal, arriving at Buffalo the same day in the afternoon. By a severe storm on Lake Erie, we were here detained one whole day. On Tuesday evening, the storm having some- what abated, we left Buffalo on board the steamboat New York, bound for Detroit, Michigan. The New York was a very old boat, had two high-pres- sure engines, which in every revolution made the vessel tremble from stem to stern as though ready to fall to pieces, adding a continual coughing as though a volcano had the hiccoughs. As the result of her worn machinery, she became disabled before we had reached Erie, and it was with great difficulty that we made that port, where we were detained twenty-four hours for repairs. Twice after this her machinery gave out; and once, under signal of distress, we were picked up near the Canadian shore, and towed across the lake to Cleveland, where, after more repairs, we went on, but were soon again dis- abled, and towed into Sandusky, helpless. After more substantial repairs, the rickety old craft ventured out to sea once more, making a successful trip to Detroit reaching that city about ten o'clock on Sunday morning; thus accomplishing our voyage from Eochester, N". Y., in six days. Hearing the sound of the church-going bell, with others I hastened ashore; and for the first and only time in my life, visited the barber's shop for a shave on the Lord's day; and then hurried away to the sanctuary, with a heart full of gratitude for deliverance from this tedious and dangerous voyage.
If my recollections are not at fault, Detroit at that time had no paved streets, few sidewalks, but an abundance of deep, black mud, through which it was difficult to wade.
Leaving Detroit on Monday morning at eight o'clock, in a four-horse stage, and the first coach sent out that season, we succeeded in reaching Ypsilanti by two o'clock after midnight, a distance of only thirty miles; nearly one- third of which some of us walked, and helped the stage along. Two of our fellow passengers were called Judge O'Keife and Mr. Vandyke, attorneys en route to the village of Wayne, on law business. We found them very
16
Pioneer Society oe MicHiaAK.
intelligent and agreeable companions. The Judge had made himself very- proficient in the vulgar tongue, and as often as the stage would take a lurch into a mud hole, his Honor would pour out a volley of epithets not found in ordinary vocabularies.
We also had a passenger on board who doubtless counted himself a profes- sional wag, and who rendered us some good service by diverting our minds from the tediousness of the journey. He seemed to know, or at least he could tell more about Michigan than any man I had ever met with. Some of his communications were so wonderful that I doubt not but you will agree with me that they are worthy of a place among the archives of this State Pioneer Society.
Many remarkable things have been told about the impassable condition of the roads in the State ; of the swamps and mire through which travelers had to wade while looking land, or migrating from one settlement to another. His description of the road through what he called the " Big Swamp," lead- ing from Detroit to Pontiac, surpassed all I have ever heard before or since. His account of it ran thus: ^'Several strangers looking land, starting out on this Pontiac road were wending their way over bogs and around stumps, some- times on this side of the road, and sometimes on that, and in constant danger of being swallowed up in the mire. One of these men, a little in advance of the rest of them, discovered, as he thought, a good beaver hat lying in the center of the road, and called his companions to a halt while he ventured to secure it. At the risk of his life, he waded out, more than knee deep to the spot, and seizing the hat, to his surprise he found a live man's head under it, but on lustily raising a cry for help, the stranger in the mire declined all assistance, saying: **Just leave me alone, I have a good horse under me, and have just found bottom; go on, gentlemen, and mind your own business." Such a story, of course, could but have a tendency to highten in a stranger's estimation, the wonderful attractions of the new State of Michigan.
Another incident related by this loquacious friend had reference to the ancient river Kouge, which in its progress to the great lakes passes through the town of Dearborn, at that time the location of a United States arsenal. This river has ever borne the reputation of a sluggish stream. He informed us that after one of the settlers had left home for the fields one morning his wife discovered a stranger on its banks whose actions excited her fears that he might be insane, or was contemplating suicide. Now stooping down as if touching the water with his hand, then walking up and down the stream, and again falling back a distance as if preparing to run, and by a fatal leap end a wretched existence in its fearful, muddy depths. In this state of excitement she watched him for more than three long hours. Immediately on the return of her husband, being informed of the facts, he hastened to the river and inquired of the mysterious stranger if he could render him any assistance, when the following dialogue ensued : Do you live anywhere around here?" *'Yes, sir," was the courteous reply, pointing to a log house in the clearing,
that is my residence." "About how long have you lived here ?" ''Nearly four years, sir." " Good !" exclaimed he, ''then I guess you may be of some service to me. You see, stranger, I am a traveler from the east, and passing through the country am taking notes of climate, soil, and production; of the rise and course of rivers and streams, etc. You see that feather out yonder? Well, some four hours ago I threw that into the water to ascertain its course ; sometimes it moves a little that way and then a little this ; but now it lies still
FiEST Visit to Michigait.
17
just about where I first put it in, and for the life of me I cannot find out which way the river does run." The settler giving him the desired informa- tion, he perfected his notes and went on his way rejoicing.
My parents, William and Sarah Taylor, of Mereworth, Kent, England, settled in Pittsfield, Washtenaw county, Michigan, in the year 1836 ; but although often visiting them I did not take up my permanent residence in the State until the fall of 1845. In 1849 as a minister of the Michigan confer- ence of the Methodist Episcopal church, being stationed in Detroit, I found among my parishioners a Mr. Robert Abbott, who was the first Anglo- American child born in Detroit, and the first individual that bowed as a penitent, and professed conversion to the Christian religion under Protestant preaching in the Territory of Michigan. His conversion took place in the year of my birth, 1810, under the labors of Rev. William Case, a missionary to the Indians in Canada. He also was one of those who helped form the first Protestant Christian church in Detroit, and took an active part in the erection of the first Protestant meeting-house built in the state. This first Protestant church was built of hewed logs, and stood about five or six miles from Detroit, on the river road to Dearborn. It was dedicated in 1818, and its first pastor was Rev. Gideon Lanning, who was appointed to that work by the Genesee conference, Detroit circuit then being recognized within its bounds. Learning the fact from Mr. Abbott that this first Protestant church, built by the first protestant penitent and convert, and being the first Methodist Episcopal church of Michigan, had been destroyed by the hand of the incendiary, I resolved to obtain a relic for preservation if it was possible to procure it, and, taking with me Revs. James Shaw, E. H. Pilcher, and L. D. Price, visited the spot and were rewarded by the discovery of a partially burned foundation log in a state of rapid decay, and taking it to the city had the soundest portions of it turned into walking canes, one of which is now present for examination.
One of these canes has been thus ordained to perpetuate the historic facts related, and may become an object of great interest to yet unborn great-great- grandchildren of Michigan pioneers. Procuring an agate, some native silver and copper from the upper peninsula, sending them to New York, where they were properly prepared and the cane suitably engraved and beautifully orna- mented, it was presented to Rev. Glezer Fillmore, of the Genesee conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, the writer's beloved father in the ministry, and at his decease is to be held by the oldest member of that body through all coming time.
In conclusion, permit me to present the following brief statistical facts, which I think cannot fail to deeply interest you.
Seventy-five years ago there was no resident Protestant minister of the gospel, and no Protestant religious society existing in this territory. At that time the cause of the Redeemer could claim but one lone convert. But this lone convert, Mr. Robert Abbott, became the nucleus of Methodism, which then was without church, without ministers, and without members; but to-day the Methodist Episcopal church alone can count 1,000 ministers, traveling and local, a membership of 60,000, and from one house of worship in 1818, 650 in 1883. Other denominations will more than make these figures double, giving us more than 2,000 Protestant ministers, nearly 150,000 church mem- bers, and probably 1,500 church buildings.
What hath God wrought? Surely the desert is made to ''blossom as the rose," and ''the wilderness has become a fruitful field."
3
18
PioxEEB Society of MicmaAN.
VETERANS OF THE WAR WITH MEXICO.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICHIGAN ASSOCIATION OF VETERANS OF THE WAR WITH MEXICO, HELD AT DETROIT ON JUNE 19, 1878.
OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
President, — Andrew T. McReynolds, Grand Rapids. Vice President, — James E. Pittman, Detroit. Secretary, — Isaac Gibson, Ludington. IVeasurer, — F. W. Curtenius, Kalamazoo.
Executive Committee — Col. Andrew T. McReynolds, Grand Eapids; Col. James E. Pittman, Detroit; Major Isaac Gibson, Ludington ; Capt. F. W. Curtenius, Kalamazoo; Capt. Norton B. Rowley, Detroit; Dr. Charles S. Bostick, irew Troy.
CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION.
Whereas, it is proper to perpetuate the memory of the achievements of our Spartan band in the war with Mexico, the results of which have been so important to the glory and the material prosperity of our country, and to keep alive the fraternal sympathies engendered by the mutual hardships and successes ; we therefore, in the name of the Michigan Association of the Veterans of the War with Mexico, adopt the following Constitution :
ARTICLE I.
Any soldier, sailor, or marine of the War with Mexico, and honorably dis- charged, may become a member of this association.
ARTICLE II.
The officers of this association shall consist of a President, Vice Presi- dent, Secretary, Treasurer and Executive Committee, to consist of the offi- cers and two persons to be appointed according to the wish of the association.
ARTICLE III.
An annual fee of one dollar shall be required of all members who are able to pay the same. Those who are unable to pay may so report to any mem- ber of the Executive Committee.
ARTICLE IV.
Veterans of the War with Mexico, residing in other States, and honorably discharged, will be enrolled as honorary members of this association.
VeTEEAJSTS pF THE War WITH MeXICO. ' 19
PROCEEDINGS OE THE FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING,
Held at Young Men's hall in the city of Detroit, on Wednesday, June 19th, 1878.
At the sound of the bugle by James D. Elderkin, the association met and was called to order by the President, Andrew T. McReynolds. The Secretary then called the roll, and the following members answered to their names :
Levi J. Allen, Clark R. Beach, Samuel E. Beach, Edgar Bogardus,
Bassett.
A. 0. Barnes, Philetus P. Birch, Alanson Cane, J. M. Coleman, Albert S. Church, Seymour Case, A. W. Davis, Louis Lemaist, Andrew T. McEeynolds, Ephraim Marble, Edward Mcintosh, Daniel N. McConnell, Thomas S. Newell,
Freeman Norvell, W. H. Patten, Enos Parish, James E. Pittman, John B. Ryan, Norton B. Rowley, James D. Elderkin, Charles R. Fuelerton, J. W. Farran, Nicholas Guesel, Michael Gordon, James G-leason, Isaac Gibson, Richard Graff e, John Graham, R. M. Hinman, J, Harrison, Charmes Hobbs,
E. W. Hollingsworth, P. Kellogg, Martin Lipe, Isaac Regal, C. W. Sandford, Henry Starkey, John A. Sandborn, Joseph D. Stearns, Joseph Salkeld, Reuben R. Tingley, P. S. Titus, Isaac D. Toll, Edward H. Thomas, W. D. Wilkins, Wm. A. White, C. B. Wood, J. C. Wilkinson,
After roll call, the veterans were welcomed to Detroit, through the chair- man of the committee of arrangements. Col. Norvell, who delivered the following address of welcome.
Comrades — Upon me has been devolved the most agreeable duty of ten- dering to you on the part of your old associates and your friends in Detroit, a hearty, hospitable, and honest welcome to our beautiful city.
Nearly thirty-two years ago you started from this same city on a mission of patriotic duty for a far distant, foreign country. At the call of your govern- ment you gave up home, family, comfort, and independence for camp pri- vations, and the restrictions of military discipline. Health and safety were imperiled, and sickness and danger braved. You departed in the flush of early manhood, full of enthusiasm and hope ; and you offered your best ser- vices, and your blood and lives, to sustain the just demand of your country in defending the rights and territory of a State, which having conquered its inde- pendence from Mexico, sought in annexation and affiliation with the great republic, which could alone insure it that peace and prosperity which its coun- terfeit had sought to destroy.
That this war of defense merged into one of aggression and conquest ; that indemnity for the past and security for the future required large accessions of territory not originally contemplated ; that this policy prolonged your service and increased your hardships, only adds to the debt due you from your coun- try for your efforts and the general results.
A few of us again meet, after a generation has passed, in this same city, our numbers diminished and infirmities increasing. But our spirit is unimpaired, and the bond that unites us is only tightened.
Comrades, you are welcome to Detroit.
20
PiONEEK Society of Michigan.
Col. Norvell's remarks were heartily applauded.
The address of welcome was responded to on behalf of the Association, by Col. Andrew T. McReynolds, President, as follows :
Me. Peesident and Comeades — It is my pleasant duty to recognize the kind words of welcome which have just been extended to us, and it is most gratifying to me to hear the voice of welcome from this city, the city around which have clustered all my affections for many years. I came here young, inexperienced, and a stranger, nearly half a century ago. I made this city my home, and recur to it not only as my early home, but as my most cher- ished home, where I have always been received with kindness and warm words of welcome. I am also pleased that the words of welcome just given to us are from the lips of one whose father was honored as the first Senator from Michigan to the Congress of the United States, and a warm and dear personal friend of my own.
Thirty-one years ago, on April 26, I marched through this noble thorough- fare— Jefferson avenue — to Woodward avenue, and thence to the river, at the head of 104 as brave and stalwart men as ever marched to the battlefield, and we took passage on the boat on our way to Mexico, to defend the rights and principles of our country — those 104 men, sir, whom that noble and true patriot. Gen Brady, who in his day and generation was worshiped by the peo- ple of Detroit, said that he "had seen most of the soldiers of the British army, and all the soldiers of the war of 1812, and as fine a looking body of men organized as our company he had never before seen."
When that company marched away to battle, it was a question whether we could — although able to crush opposition in our own borders — do successful war within the boundaries of foreign countries. The trial was made, the issue came, and the 104 men marched from Vera Cruz, under that mighty captain. Gen. Scott, until they reached the gates of the Mexican capital, and in tri- umph unfurled and planted in victory the stars and stripes. Of the 104 brave men of Company K, Third United States Dragoons, of which company I had the honor to be the captain, but seventeen returned to tell the story, and but five are here with us to-day.
I remember, too, with kindness, the feeling and affectionate words of adieu that were showered upon us as we walked to the river on our way to Mexico, only to be repeated as words of welcome double fold as we returned to meet the thousands of citizens of Detroit and Michigan, who assembled to receive us when the battles had been fought and won.
I do not wonder that we are equally pleasantly received now, that other courtesies await us ; and I can only say in behalf of my comrades, that we gratefully appreciate these kindnesses of the citizens of Detroit.
If there is any one thing dear to a true soldier beyond his own home and family circle, it is the remembrance of his service on the battle field ; and the feeling that such service is appreciated and recognized as such. Thus we receive the favors of the citizens of Detroit as evidences of appreciation, with warm thanks to all. I hope we may ail meet, soldiers and citizens, in the future, and that we shall sit together, grateful to Almighty God that our country is blessed with peace, and I hope a lasting peace.
Col. McReynolds was repeatedly interrupted with rounds of applause from both veterans and citizens present. At the close of Col. McReynolds' remarks E. N. Wilcox, Esq., of Detroit, was introduced, and read the follow- ing beautiful ode, prepared by him for the occasion.
Veterans of the War with Mexico.
21
1.
What booming sound is this salutes the ear, As If old Ocean, tossed with maddening roar.
Flung his wild billows o'er the ramparts sheer Of Heaven's battlements. Upon the shore Of Mexico's gulf see Ringgold's batteries pour The deadly cannonade! The conflict's o'er;
La Vega's fallen; behold the rout,
On Palo Alto and Resaca's last redoubt!
3.
But other fields are to be won. The Lone Star
Its bloody fulgence from Jacinto's grave, Sheds back on Alamo. Malignant War
Drinks deep at Buena Yista, blood of braves
Well worth each other's steel. The slaves Of despots never won such fight as they —
Sons of the Starry banner: See, it waves, O glorious spectacle ! O glorious day!
Above the dizzy heights of hard fought Monterey.
3.
What joy pulsates the Nation's swelling heart, As the glad news is messaged through the land;
Not in a flash to earth's remotest part — The lightning's wing unsubject to our hand:
Our gallant chief is called from his command. The undying laurel twined around his brow —
Which shall grow greener as the years expand, To fill what Washington did first endow With dignity: the loftiest seat a people can bestow.
4.
Where frowns the castle o'er Ulloa's walls,
Where erst the Spaniard vexed the treacherous coast, In search of gold: the Aztec's ancient halls ;
And midst his burning ships, beneath the Host, Cortez the chivalrous, swore his daring boast;
Another chieftain of grand lineage and fame, Of all our country's warriors honored most.
Of tenderest heart within a giant's frame,
Queenstown and York's hero, with fleets and armies came.
5.
'Twas he who towered like Oeizaba's peak, Pure as th' eternal snow upon its height.
Who could not stooj) a base revenge to seek, Who led you to the Teocalli's light ; Where Montezuma's splendors rapt your sight.
The patriot pacificator; he Who at Aroostook foiled the British might.
Made nullifying friends their folly see,
And, dying, drew his mighty sword at last for unity.
6.
With this short summons spake that grand array, " Surrender!"—" Never!" was the proud reply:
The pride of old Castile was up that day. Gun answering gun lit up the lurid sky, And neighboring headlands uttered their defie;
And screeching shells, the meteors of hell. Quenched in the churches woman's piteous cry.
Oh, who the short-shrived agony can tell,
Of those who stained the altars where they knelt and fell.
22
Pioneer Society of MicmaAN".
7.
" On to Jalapa !" our victorious cry —
Like "On to Richmond!" at a later day; But Cerro Gordo, stretching to the sky,
With iron throated ramparts blocked the way. The mountain charge, the howitzers full play,
The rifles whiz, the rattling sabres clang. Our dauntless legions furiously obey,
And as each trooper to his saddle sprang,
The echoing shout through all the vales and mountains rang,
8.
But why with hundred battles fill my song,
Contreras, Churubusco, and King's Mill, Chapultepec : or weary march prolong,
Or bivouac on the cold and drenched hill!
Let us recount the brilliant valor, skill Of Kearney, Twiggs, McReynolds, Williams, '
Shields, Brown, Wilkins, Patten, who are with us still? Whose wounds yet gape, and who on latest fields Struck for that liberty which only union yields.
9.
O comrades— would that I might call you such!
Your ranks are thinning faster now than when Ye felt the Tierries Calienties touch
With parching breath the flowery plain or glen.
Where Flora's treasures trance the souls of men; But as you cheerful march life's down hill way,
Trusting that future which no man may ken. Let us with hands unclasp our country pray One undivided recompense for blue and gray.
The poem was received with marked approbation, every sentiment it expressed receiving cheering applause, showing that the poet was appreciated and his effort a success.
Col. Isaac D. Toll, the orator of the day, then delivered the annual address.*
The following is from the Detroit Post and Trihme, of June 20th, 1878. (The Secretary of the association took the liberty to add that the orator's company, carrying" the Regimental Flag, was therefore, in the very hottest of the battle, and his voice was constantly heard, as the ranks were thinned, shouting ^'Michigan Boys, Rally to the Flag!")
"In accordance with a general request, we give space to-day in our columns for the full text of the oration delivered at the reunion of the Mexican Veterans in this city, on Wednesday, June 19th, by Col. Isaac D. Toll, of Fawn River. Its title was "Michigan's Record in the War with Mexico," but as the author modestly omitted all allusion to his own share in that service, we will add ourselves that Col. Toll commanded Company E, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, to which was entrusted the regimental colors, that he led his men with true gallantry, and that at Churubusco he was especially conspicious in the hottest of the fight. With this preface we give the oration of the day in full."
At the close of the address, the committee on nomination of officers for the ensuing year, through its chairman, Col. Norvell, reported in f aivor of the re-election of the present officers, which report was accepted and unanimously adopted.
Col. Wilkins, chairman of the committee on resolutions, reported as follows :
*The address of Col. Toll will be found in Vol. 2, Pioneer Collections, page 171.
Veteraits of the War with Mexico.
23
That we tender our thanks to our efficient Secretary, Major Gibson, for the labor he has so cheerfully given and the devotion by him exhibited to the interests of our Association ;
And to the Orator, for his able, brilliant and feeling address;
And to the President, Vice President, Col. Norvell and Capt. 1^, B. Rowley and the members of the Executive Committee, for the distinguished ability which has marked their efforts in making our re-union and welcome extended, successful and satisfactory to the veterans.
The following resolutions were then unanimously adopted :
The thanks of this Association are hereby tendered to E. X. Wilcox, Esq., for the beautiful poem with which he has honored the Association by writing for the occas- ion of this re-union.
That the thanks of the Mexican War Veterans' Association be and are hereby tendered to Luther Beecher, Esq., for the free use of his Young Men's Hall, for the holding of this, its annual meeting.
The Secretary then read the correspondence between himself and the fol- lowing members of Congress, of this State, viz. :
Hon. Charles 0. Ellsworth, Hon. Edwin W. Keightly, Hon. Jay A. Hub- bell, Hon. John W. Stone, and Hon. Mark S. Brewer, who each oppose the pension bill for political party reasons.
The Secretary also read a letter from the Hon. Goldsmith W. Hewitt, of Alabama, warmly supporting the bill as a matter of simple justice, and assuring the veterans of his untiring efforts to pass the bill. A letter to the Secretary from Hon. D. W. Voorhees, United States Senator from Indiana, setting forth that he had charge of the bill in the Senate, and it should have his best services in getting it through that body.
Letters were read from General Gideon J. Pillow and General James Shields, to President McReynolds, and Secretary Gibson, thanking the associa- tion for the honor conferred by electing them honorary members of the society; also a letter from ex-Secretary Chas. H. Bostick, regretting his ina- bility to attend the meeting. The Secretary also presented a letter from Hon. Wm. L. Webber, returning his thanks for the invitation to attend the re-union, and his regrets that business prevented him from such pleasure, wishing the veterans a pleasant time and health to enjoy many such meetings.
All the railroad companies in the State generously gave reduced rates of fare, and furnished excursion tickets to the veterans — for which the thanks of the association were tendered.
A resolution was adopted changing the time of holding the annual meet- ings until the first Wednesday of October.
Whereupon, the business proceedings being completed, it was resolved that when the Association adjourn, it adjourn to meet at Lansing, on the first Wednesday in October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine, (1879).
The Association then adjourned until 9 o'clock P. M., to meet at the ban- quet prepared by the citizens and their comrades of Detroit.
At 9 o'clock P. M., the members of the Association and invited guests assembled in the banquet hall of the Biddle House, where, after listening to sweet music by a band under the direction of Veteran Elderkin, they dis- cussed a splendid banquet which had been spread. After the supper, the Veterans indulged in a series of toasts and responses, with Ool. Freedman Norvell as master of ceremonies. The regular toasts were as follows :
1. ''Our Country forever and unchangeable, except by expansion." Response by Col. A. T. McReynolds.
2. "The United States Army,— the noblest of our military system. In
24
Pioneer Society of MicmaAN.
peace we should cultivate it, and in war we should join and emulate it." Response by Adj. Gen. Robertson.
3. " The Michigan Association of Mexican Veterans. Since their service many have acquired forms that are bent, and sight that is dimmed, but there is still left intact their patriotism, devotion, and old-time enthusiasm." Response by Col. Wm. D. Wilkins.
In response to the toast, ''The Volunteer Companies of Michigan," Col. Toll dwelt with great force and eloquence upon the necessity of a well-drilled militia, the nation's chief defense, and to be relied upon in all emergencies. That our best youth should come forward, and our foremost citizens should aid in stimulating volunteer companies. The spirit of our institutions is opposed to large standing armies ; that a bitter experience had demonstrated that a sleepless vigilance to preserve what our ancestors had suffered for, alone would be effectual ; and that legislation as well, was necessary to provide a military chest.
Col. McReynolds, Col. Wilkins and others replied in most eloquent terms to volunteer toasts, receiving hearty applause. Gen. Robertson's speech to '^ The Regular Army," was interesting, and was interrupted with applause.
Major Gibson spoke in the warmest terms of the untiring efforts of Capt. N. B. Rowley in getting up the banquet ; alluding to every detail involving the pleasure of the guests that his brother veterans were honored by his kind attentions. All united in acknowledging the kind and courteous treatment received at the hands of their respected comrade, Capt. N. B. Rowley.
The above exercises, with music by a vocal quartette, and social intercourse, served to pass the time pleasantly to a late hour, and furnish a fitting finale to the meeting of the veterans.
Whereupon the association adjourned.
ISAAC GIBSON, Secretary.
Dk. Henry P. Tappan.
25
DR, HENRY P. TAPPAN.
SOUVENIES FOR HIS "BOYS" OF THE CLASS OF '58.
From Detroit Free Press, July 20, 1884.
A year ago the class of |'58 of Michigan University celebrated their quarter ■centennial at Ann Arbor. Affectionate memories of their venerated Presi- dent, the lamented Dr. Tappan, are still cherished, fresh and unsullied by time and death ; and will so remain until the end shall come for all that far scattered band. At the quarter centennial reunion the loving veneration of the class for the Doctor took tangible form in the way of a class album con- taining the autographs of all the members then present. This souvenir accompanied by an appropriate inscription was forwarded to Mrs. Tappan at her widowed home in Yevey, Switzerland, and its receipt is now acknowl- edged by her in a letter to Mr. W. E. Quinby of Detroit. Accompanying her letter were photographic views of Dr. Tappan's grave and surroundings ; intended, as her letter says, for the gentlemen of the class of '58, who so kindly sent me their autographs in the precious album which I so much prize.''
Vevey, the place of Dr. Tappan's peaceful rest, is perhaps^ the most beau- tiful spot in Europe. At least it disputes that distinction with Edinburgh and Constantinople. The grave is situated on the slope of a hill that overlooks Lake Geneva, and commands a prospect of the Castle of Chillon, and a noble view of the Jura Mountains, so often celebrated in song and story, — notably by Lord Byron. All around it flourishes the purple grape," whose vines rise tier on tier, giving the scene a charm like unto that which springs from no other beneficence in nature. The grave itself is marked by a plain mar- ble shaft that fitly commemorates the solid and noble simplicity which was the foundation of Dr. Tappan's character, and the sure index of his great- ness. Happy, let us believe, must he be who thus sleeps the sleep of the just, with nature's most radiant smile forever beaming on his grave.
[For a sketch of the life of Dr. Tappan, by H. M. Utley, see vol. 5, Pio- neer Collections.] 4
26
Pioneer Society of MicmaAisr.
REV. GEORGE PALMER WILLIAMS, LL.D.
A MEMORIAL DISCOURSE ON HIS LIFE AND SERVICES, DELIVERED IN UNIVERSITY HALL, BY REQUEST OF THE SENATE, DECEMBER 4, 1881.
BY JAMES V. CAMPBELL, LL.I)., MARSHALL PROFESSOR OF LAW.
PROCEEDINGS OIT THE [DEATH OF REV. GEORGE PALMER WILLIAMS, LL.D.
At a meeting of the University Senate, held September 5, 1881, the fol- lowing memorandum relative to the death of Professor George P. Williams, was ordered to be placed in the minutes :
With profound emotions the senate of the university has received intelligence of the death of its oldest member, Professor George Palmer Williams. Yesterday at sunrise he expired without a struggle, at the ripe age of seventy-nine years and four months.
By this death is severed the last of those living links that connect the present condition of the university with its earliest history. Appointed to a professor's chair in 1841, Dr, Williams welcomed the first student that came to Ann Arbor for instruction; as president of the faculty he gave diplomas to the first class that grad- uated; and from the day of his appointment to the hour of his death his official con- nection with the university was never broken.
During the whole of this long term of educational service many qualities of a high order shone out with peculiar luster in the life of Dr. Williams.
His loyalty and devotion to the university were without reserve; his faith in the principles on which the institution is founded was unflagging; and the interest with which he watched the various phases of its development ended only with the approach of death. On the last day of his life his conversation frequently turned upon its condition and its interests.
In his intercourse with his colleagues he was remarkable for the dignified courtesy of his bearing, the hearty warmth of his greetings, and the radiant humor of his conversation. His wit was proverbial; but it was so free from the bitterness of malice and the stings of sarcasm that it was always a source of pleasure, never a source of pain. To meet him was always a pleasure ; to take his hand always a satis- faction.
But it was in his relations with his pupils that the peculiar qualities of his nature were most marked. In extraordinary measure he impressed upon them his own character. Of the hundreds that sat under his instruction many, perhaps, have for- gotten the science he taught; but there is probably not one that does not feel that he was made better by his friendly admonition or his fatherly advice. His bearing was felt to be a rebuke of every mean act. His interest in all his pupils had the gentle qualities of a personal and almost a paternal fondness; and hence it was but the natural and spontaneous expression of his heart that even to the end of his life he spoke of them all as " his boys." By his boundless sympathy and his fatherly interest many a wayward youth was turned into the path of true advancement; and there are not a few who look to his words and his influence as the beginning of a
V
Eev. George Palmer "Williams. 27
new life. There are some who, if they would, might say with Samuel of old: "Thy gentleness hath made us great."
As the intelligence of the death of Dr. Williams goes over the country it will fall upon hundreds of hearts with the shock of a personal bereavement. Probably in every state in the Union there are those who will mourn his loss; but there is not one of his pupils who will not remember the lofty nobility of his character and the all-embracing charity of his affection, and who will not rejoice that it was his privilege to sit under the instruction of so true a friend and so good a man.
We extend our hearty sympathies to the family of our friend in the hour of their bereavement; and we desire in a body to join with them in the last sad tribute to his earthly remains.
ADDRESS OF HOK. JAMES V. CAMPBELL.
There are few more profitable possessions for any learned institution than the memories of those who have made their lives a part of its history. Removed from the daily round of labor and progress, with its cares, and doubts, and jealousies, as well as its passing triumphs, they cause no envy, and disturb no peace. They appear in a new light, as perpetual benefactors, whose hands have built enduring houses, and whose skill has set agencies in motion that may continue their work through distant years. Those who can recall their living presence, and tell their story, are heard as chroniclers of worthy themes. And when the time comes that never is very far off, when they and all who knew them in the flesh have passed into tradition together, their names are spoken tenderly, as children speak of honored ancestors. It needs no stretch of fancy to think of them as still gliding silently among the scenes of their earthly labors, and casting benignant glances on the young disciples who glean in the fields which they planted. The very earth which they trod, and the senseless walls which echoed their words, become imbued with associations that sometimes last when the busy scenes have ceased to be busy, and the populous hive has become solitary. There are not many who cannot feel with the English moralist when he first set his feet on the holy island where Oolumba taught the pure precepts of the Gospel : '*That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plains of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warmer among the ruins of lona."
It sometimes happens that an old man is himself able to hear some of the voices of the future, and to look, almost as a spirit might look from unseen haunts, on the places that knew him when he had active work to do among them. When that gentle presence quietly passes away it makes no break in the daily course of things; but those who have seen it flitting among the evergreens, or slowly moving through the halls, think of it as only gone for a while, and would hardly be surprised at any time to meet it where its coming was always welcome. And he, too, looking at life here as but the herald of the great hereafter, might well say to it as it passed on toward the twilight : —
" Then steal away, give little warning, Choose thine own time;
Say not Good Night,— but in some brighter clime
Bid me Good Morning." A few weeks ago, when autumn was just at hand, we followed to the grave the venerable form of a good man, whose memory we have met to-day to recall and to honor. The pleasant summer wind blew softly over his grave, and in the calm surroundings of the quietly fading season there were no signs of gloom, and no tokens of bitter sorrow. The friends that came together from many quarters, to pay their last tribute to one whom to know was to revere, were not cast down as those who grieve without hope. A peace
28
PiOK^EER Society ot' MicmaAisr.
that was almost cheerful came upon them all, as they laid the worn-out body in the ground, in the sure trust that his immortal part had gone to a better country. Long and patiently he had waited for that journey ; and the eyes that were sometimes weary with looking on the things which lay on this side of the horizon, had learned to see beyond it, and to know the green fields and the still waters where he would find everlasting rest. Those who for more than an ordinary generation had been familiar with that presence that car- ried a blessing wherever it went, and had noted the gradual changes that made its appearance more and more rare among the scenes of old activity, could only feel, as they looked on the placid features for the last time, that his Father had been very gracious to the faithful servant, and had not removed him until all of his work had been well done, and he was ready for his reward. The place that knew him will know him no more as a man walking among men ; but this town where his ripest years were spent, and this University which began its career with his unaided teaching, can never cease to be filled with memories and tokens of his useful and blameless life, that will be undying influences of good.
The feeling which has led so many to give expression to their respect for him is deeper and purer than the civic pride that loves to recall the worth of those who have done credit to public station. Honorably and faithfully he performed every duty laid upon him. But the sober zeal that was never self- seeking, the generous self-sacrifice that was hardly conscious of its devotion, the unfailing kindness which made all who knew him feel that he had a father's heart for every soul that needed sympathy, were elements of nobility that deserve more than honor, and earn more than veneration. A sense of personal bereavement is at once the sorrow and the consolation of the many hearts that love his memory.
It is no easy task to speak adequately and fitly of such a friend, when the pleasant associations of gentleness and amiable goodness, which cannot fail to come up when his face is recalled, almost shut out from view the solid attain- ments and wisdom which made him so conspicuous a figure during his long, active life. Perhaps we may all be the wiser if we recognize the truth which his example has taught us, that after the graces and powers of intellectual worth are taken into the account, the force and sweetness of personal character may yet be the best and strongest influence of all. The life we wish to remember is worth remembering with gratitude, for merits that were neither solitary nor confined within narrow bounds. It contained no series of con- spicuous events, and moved in a more than commonly even tenor. The story of its outward transactions might be given in a very few words. But its course is worth noting in its modest career as one of continued usefulness in which at every step some good was done to others, and some seed sown that will bear fruit when all of us have passed away.
George Palmer Williams was born in 1802, in Woodstock, Vermont, a state which has furnished many valuable sons to the service of this commonwealth. We cannot now learn much about his boyhood. There is no reason to believe it was peculiar or eventful. Among his early friends — though somewhat older — was the late Chancellor Farnsworth, to whom this University is largely indebted for its prosperity and its early guidance, and quite as much for the employment of Professor Williams in its service. They were kindred spirits in common-sense wisdom, as well as in broad and scholarly tastes, and as long as both lived they were very intimate. After the usual preparation he entered
Key. George Palmer Williams. 2^
the University of Vermont, and received his bachelor's degree in 1825. He soon thereafter went to the Theological seminary at Andover, where he spent about two years in the studies of that institution. He did not, however, com- plete the ordinary course there ; and as his preferences when he left it appeared to be for a different school of theology, it is probable that at this time he had not any settled determination concerning his future career, except that in some way or other he would give up his time and energies to the improvement of other minds. He devoted his entire life to teaching, and whether he meant it or not, to be his sole future employment, he did it conscientiously and thoroughly.
It has been supposed by some persons who knew him only as a professor in this University, that he was a specialist in his studies, and chiefly devoted to the exact sciences. But this was not so. He was earnestly and enthusiastic- ally opposed to any system which made no provision for exercising all of the^ intellectual powers harmoniously. He thought that the studies of early life should be followed for discipline rather than for mere acquirements, and that no education was complete which did not arm the scholar at all points, and enable him, after finishing his novitiate, to deal with such special topics and studies as his tastes or his necessities might lead him to pursue. While he had the desire, which most good citizens have, to see the ordinary school sys- tem foster all sound learning, and flourish to the utmost, he did not believe in the notion which is so prevalent, that the years of preparation may be profitably extended at the expense of discipline, by pursuits involving little but the exercise of memory, which often yield but a smattering of useful knowl- edge, without clear order or full digestion. While his love for mathematical and scientific studies was eager and enthusiastic, and his proficiency in these amounted to genius, he always regarded the discipline of languages as the most effective of all instruments for training young and flexible faculties. His own education was very thorough, and his intellect was so well balanced, and so quick in its workings, that he had no difficulty in mastering any sub- ject speedily and completely. Those who had occasion to consult him found his knowledge varied and profound, and made so as much by the rectitude of his judgment as by his readiness of apprehension. He kept informed on the advance of science, and other means of enlightenment, and few men detected so quickly, or exposed so easily, the pretensions of sophists, and the false lights of sciolists. He had no fears that any truth could endanger any other truth, but he had no respect whatever for such noisy champions as claim to be the especial defenders of science, when they have never lodged within its gates. His mind in its plain integrity detected fallacies as if by instinct; and he had no morbid inclination to walk in doubtful paths, or to imagine any road to be the right one that ended in confusion. Healthy in his tastes, and broad in his pursuits, he was admirably fitted to lead and stimu- late young minds and hearts, at the season when their need for guidance was strongest.
His first important work in teaching was at Gambier, in 1828. Kenyon College was then in its infancy, and like most western colleges of that day, had found its chief difficulty in the lack of good preparatory schools. Pro- fessor Williams in that year assumed charge of the Grammar School. He left at the end of the year 1830, and spent, a year or more as professor of languages in the Western University of Pennsylvania, at Pittsburg. During this absence the Grammar School of Kenyon was divided, and in 1832 he was
30
Pio^TEER Society oi^ MiCHiaAN.
induced to return, and placed at the head of the Senior Grammar School, the junior being under Dr. Dyer, who remained in charge during the rest of the sojourn of Professor Williams, and for some years thereafter. During this period some very eminent men passed under his tuition, and his success was marked. His life then, as afterwards, was too well regulated to be very eventful ; but the qualities that endeared him to all who knew him in his later years, were as conspicuous then as since. Those who try to describe him at any period, find themselves constantly passing over his intellectual worth, to dwell on the qualities that made him such a power morally and social- ly. In reply to a request made to Dr. Dyer for information concerning that time of our friend's history, he bears the strongest witness to his character in this respect. He says :
"He was engaged as a teacher in the preparatory department of Kenyon College for several years, and was greatly esteemed as a teacher and a gentleman of refined and courteous manners. His patience and amiability were truly remarkable. Noth- ing, not even the pranks and freaks of wild boys and young men, could put him out of temper, or make him hurry. He was regarded as a very accurate scholar, and had the faculty of attaching the pupils to him very strongly. While I cannot recall any incidents connected with his life at Gambier, of particular interest or Importance, I can recall his whole appearance as he walked the streets, or sat in his class-room, or mingled in society. He was always affable, gentle, and kind— nobody's enemy, but everybody's friend. As I now see him, in his swallow-tail coat with its brass buttons, and his spectacles mounted on his nose, his whole figure and manner become a living reality. Though never particularly intimate with him, I always regarded him as a man of great excellence and worth. Though more than forty years have elapsed since I have seen Dr. Williams, I have a vivid remembrance of his manifold virtues, but of his vices or failings, if he had any, I do not remember one. At that day his life and example were a perpetual benediction, as I believe they were till he entered on the life above. I am sorry I cannot add something more, but a nature so quiet as his, and a life so even in all its ways, afiord but little to be expressed in words. The impressions he made remain, and they remain to bless all upon whom they were made."
It was a fortunate choice made by his discerning friend that secured such a man to lay the foundations of this University. The first step of the Eegents, after the State government was organized and means were provided for making a beginning, was to establish branches, which were to serve as preparatory schools. The branch at Pontiac was placed, in 1837, under the charge of Professor Williams, who retained it until appointed, in 1841, to begin work in the College Department. His nominal colleagues at this time were Dr. Douglass Houghton, the distinguished geologist, and Professor Joseph Whiting, who had been Principal of the branch at Niles. Dr. Houghton died before his special work was provided for. Professor Whiting in due time assumed his duties at Ann Arbor, but his useful life was ended a short time before the first class graduated. Professor Williams was in the beginning placed in the chair of Ancient Languages, and afterwards in that of Mathematics and Physics. For a time he conducted all the Ann Arbor work alone, including some preparatory teaching. As senior Professor he was virtually head of the University for more than ten years, and his infl.u- ence during that formative period was of incalculable value, in encouraging in young men the union of manliness with generous and frank courtesy and good feeling. The classes were small enough to make personal influence sensibly felt, and no one among them, whether well or ill inclined, could ever find occasion to think of Professor Williams except with respect and gratitude. No one could be more tolerant of the overflow of young spirits, or more charitable for youthful faults. And with all of this kindness, no
Eey. George Palmer Williams. 31
one had reason to suppose it resulted from want of knowledge. The benevo- lent sage was as well informed in all the ways of college mischief as any ringleader in the ranks. There was little satisfaction to be gained from tricks that never deceived, and were not raised into importance by serious treatment. An offense which, if magnified by austere rebuke or punishment, might have hardened the offender into rebellion, appeared under this mild and sensible dealing too childish to be repeated ; and the culprit thenceforth yielded to kindness, an obedience that no sternness could have enforced.
But this considerateness alone would have done very little in the general improvement. His faculty of instruction was very remarkable. He taught nothing that he did not fully understand, and he understood what he had learned as living and kindred knowledge, and not merely as laborious attain- ment. He recognized the family relationship of all wisdom and learning as the necessary condition of educational advancement, and their natural order and system as the only key to their complete comprehension. He insisted above all things on accuracy — not as a pedant might dwell upon it as chiefly important for its own sake, but as a wise master builder who knows that a fault in the shape and placing of the corner stone will set the whole building out of true proportions. He was no mechanical teacher or student in anything, and he never liked to see his pupils deal with their studies as task work. If he had any intolerance for the failings of students it was for the want of that love of knowledge without which study is of small account.
He never put himself forward as an author, but his fame was not unknown. In 1849 he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Kenyon College. Not the least satisfactory recognition of his scientific eminence was the dedication to him of a work in astronomy by his former colleague, Profes- sor Brunnow, the first astronomer of the observatory of this university, and famous everywhere. This sincere and warm expression of esteem from one of the foremost men of the age was a graceful tribute, and a well-earned testimonial, which will be recognized through the scientific world as an honor to both of these modest and accomplished scholars. Professor Williams excelled as a teacher of astronomy, and in spite of meagre appliances, excited much enthusiasm in that pursuit.
Few men have so shared their very being with those on whom their influence has been exerted, as the wise scholar and good man who has had, and who will never cease to have, such a place of honor in this university. He had great learning. No branch of knowledge was foreign to his mind. He had wonderful quickness of perception and apprehension, so that few things escaped his notice. He had a keen love for all that was beautiful in appear- ance or in nature, and a versatility of fancy that enabled him to follow the highest flights of poetry and art. And he had a generous and lively enthusiasm which kept his faculties always on the alert, and made him desire to have all about him share in his riches.
There are forms of humor that display nothing but vileness. But shy and retiring scholars, as well as active men of zeal and lofty aims, have often been noted for their bright sayings, as pure from harshness as from evil. And no one would have better enjoyed intercourse with Sir. Thomas More and his equally witty friend Erasmus, or with his own quaint predecessor in science, Sir. Thomas Browne, or with his ancestor in the faith, the learned and martyred Latimer, the quaintest of them all, than the friend whom we remember as full of the graces and amenities that quicken and brighten social life.
32
Pioneer Society oe MiCHiaAN.
He would have found congenial company in Izaak Walton, the friend and biographer of some of the noblest and saintliest men that ever lived — walk- ing in the morning through woods and fields, and roaming down the burnside, with eyes wide open to all the beauties of nature, and hearts in harmony with it. It was one of his favorite pastimes for many years to go with some friend for a day's ramble in the country, equipped, perhaps, with rod or gun, and enjoy the pure air and fresh flowers and verdure, strolling where passing fancy led them, and talking, without care or method, as his thoughts shaped themselves under the mild influences of the season. He had a keen eye for all that moved or grew, and was familiar with living creatures as with trees and plants. It may be that like Walton, as he sat upon a bank and his eyes fell on the blooming meadows, he thought they were too pleasant to be looked on but only on holidays." To his sensitive spirit, which was now and then dashed with melan- choly, there was infinite solace in such quiet scenes. He was fond of dwelling on such enjoyments, and his conversation on these play-day occasions was animated and cheerful. In society his company was always attractive. He never urged ponderous topics where lighter ones were more fitting, but brought forth from the varied treasures of his memory things new and old. He illuminated all that he touched with playful wit or bright good sense, and fascinated his hearers as unconsciously as a bird that sings from a thicket. He had wit that might cut keenly and deeply, but he never loved to deal harshly with any one, and would rather spare than strike, unless where his conscience compelled him to deal severely, and then he never trifled.
But best and highest of all, he was a true and earnest man. His soul was not alien to anything human, and went out to meet every appeal to his human brotherhood. His kindness was not measured, but it was no mere easy form of self indulgence. He had that unflinching boldness that comes from a single and honest heart, and was not neutral when he felt it his duty to be decided. But no one questioned his integrity, and those whose views were different never blamed him for the difference. He had a remarkable insight into all the ways of human nature, and a stern and righteous indignation for all that was vile and unworthy. His yea was yea, and his nay was nay. Yet the keen eye that saw the sin was as keen to see the redeeming qualities of the sinner ; and in that great day when his works shall be made manifest, there will be many to bless the strong and gentle hand that led them from error into the way of safety.
But that great and simple character did not gain its strength from human sources. From the days of his youth he gave himself up to the service of his Lord. In the church with which he was closely connected through all his long manhood, he kept up an active and valuable interest. His name appears as a delegate in the early conventions of the Diocese of Ohio ; and there, as afterwards in Michigan, his counsels were eagerly sought, and modestly but boldly given, on all occasions requiring his wise and prudent help. He began his studies in theology early, and he never relaxed them. He was known to all who met him, as a devout and firm believer, and his life was a continuous display of the beauty of holiness.
Yet his profound humility kept him back for a long time from assuming the office of a Christian minister. For more than twenty years he kept that place before his mind, as the one he desired to fill, and during all that time he was preparing to fill it worthily. He made no secret of his wishes, and when he offered himself as a candidate, he was readily and thankfully
Kev. Geokge Palmer "Williams.
33
accepted. But the holy and humble servant of God, from whom men of all ranks in the church were glad to seek wisdom, had doubts of his worthiness, and of his capacity for the sacred calling that he longed for. Once he with- drew after acceptance. At last his scruples were removed, and in 1846 he was ordained to the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In that place he did no regular parish work, except for a short time in Ann Arbor; but he was, nevertheless, a constant and laborious servant in the cause of his Master. His loving and judicious advice reached many of the young who were not so easily molded by others, and among both old and young, wherever he went, his influence was a great power for good, and his presence was heartily welcomed. In the very trying position of a minister without a parish, dwelling in the parish of another, he raised no jealousy with pastor or flock, and was held in equal reverence by both. "When the ear heard him, then it blessed him, and when the eye saw him it gave witness to him."
But there was no place where he was more revered than among the fre- quenters of this university. In the common course of nature he had seen most of his colleagues disappearing from their old surroundings, until he stood where he began, as the only representative of the earliest faculty. During that long sojourn he had seen his own pupils advanced to responsible offices here and elsewhere, and he found the infirmities of age limiting his means of knowing the hundreds of students that were yearly succeeding the little band that received from him most of their mental and moral training. But every eye looked with aSection on the beaming countenance that all knew and loved to recognize ; and every heart was warmed, when it was felt that to him above any others was due nearly all that is generous and ennobling in their surround- ings. The spirit that he infused into the infant college was too healthy and vigorous to die out. His memory, as its truest early founder, needs no bronze or marble to preserve it. It has become a perpetual guest of the houses where learning congregates, and one of the first and best of the traditions that will make up the fame of this university, as long as its fame continues.
Long before he ceased to do the work of his professorship, such words of praise as do not often reach the ears of the living came forth spontaneously whenever any meeting was held where the past came up for review. The old alumni made their first pilgrimage to his door, and he was in their eyes the embodiment of all that was pleasantest in their recollections of their days of youth and promise. There was something striking in the spectacle of such devotion. It is nothing new to see followers crowding around a leader of thought or action. The world has often witnessed such scenes. But it does not so often witness the plain simplicity, and cordial friendliness, that made these meetings memorable. The wise veteran did not parade his wisdom, or put on the airs of one proud and conscious of his prominence. Though some were themselves long past the meridian, and were known as leaders and men of mark, they were all his boys, as he and they lived their lives over again, and they gathered afresh the dew of their youth. Not one of them, as he left that happy company, with a smile on his lips and a tear in his eye, could bring to mind, from the storied past or the busy present, a figure that he would rather choose as the pattern of a perfect gentleman, who, in little and in great things, was noble, and brave, and loving.
At the annual festival, when the old graduates welcomed the new^ his name was made an unfailing theme of eulogy. However formal and dull may have. 5
34
Pioi^EER Society of MicHiaAK.
been the commonplaces that must form much of the discourse on such occa- sions, nothing was deemed trite which honored him. It was impossible to think or speak of him without emotion and enthusiasm.
But time will not halt for the good or for the evil. The young that pass their prime do not move on faster than the old that started before them. The soul of the patriarch may not lose its youth as it gains the sagacity which comes from experience, but there is no drug that can keep the body young, and no fountain that can renew it.
And so a time came when the willing spirit was unable to carry its daily burdens. The habits of a long life could not easily be laid aside. When the relief of knowing what each hour demanded was lost, and the busy mind had no work planned for its needs, there was a little while when the heart that had always cheered the woes of others was unequal to consoling itself. A horror of great darkness came over him. That pure soul that seemed as white as imperfect humanity can be, was overwhelmed with fears of deadly guilt. Yet even when he struggled in the dismal abyss he never lost his faith in God nor his love to man. In that extremity of sorrow the bread he had cast upon the waters came back after many days. The reverent attachment of. his old pupils brought them again around him. Their liberality provided a fund to cheer his declining years, and to found a memorial chair to repre- sent his fame when he should pass away. That thoughtful act restored his serenity, and after a few more years of active good, and holy example, he went down to his grave in peace. The setting sun lit up the valley of the shadow of death, and as he passed the dark river it became clear as
"Siloa's brook that flowed Fast hy the oracle of God."
The most loving and tender of all who cherished him cannot wish to dis- turb that peace. He has gone to lie down with kings and councilors of the earth. The small and great are there. There the wicked cease from troub- ling and the weary are at rest. In that blessed company are many with whom he talked in thought across the centuries, whose words were his famil- iar conversation. Friends whom he knew in the body and friends whom he knew in the spirit are there to welcome him. Many wise men are there who have left their wisdom as an inheritance to mankind. And many simple folk are there, in whose tranquil and steady faith was the highest wisdom.
Our eyes cannot penetrate the veil that lies between us, but we know what offers have been made to those who would pass through the gates of pearl into the Holy City. Among them was one saying, ever foremost in the thoughts and displayed in the life that was made so fragrant by learning and virtue :
"Whosoever shall not receive the Kingdom of God as a little child, shall in no wise enter therein."
Kbv. Beastcts Otis Haven.
35
REV. ERASTUS OTIS HAVEN, D. D., LL. D.
1144434
A MEMORIAL DISCOURSE 01^ HIS LIFE AND SERVICES DELIVERED IN UNIVERSITY HALL, BY REQUEST OF THE SENATE, NOVEMBER 6, 1881.
BY PROFESSOR ALEXANDER WINCHELL^ LL. D.
PROCEEDINGS ON THE DEATH OF REV. ERASTUS OTIS HAVEN, D. D., LL, D.
At a meeting of the University Senate, held in the room of the President, August 5, 1881, the following testimonial of respect for the memory of Dr. E. 0. Haven, Ex-President of the University, was ordered to be placed on the records of the Senate. It was also ordered that copies should be sent to the family of the deceased and furnished to the press for publication :
Rev. Erastus O. Haven, D. D., bishop in the Methodist Episcopal church, and an Ex-President of this University, died at Salem, Oregon, on the second day of August, 1881.
Dr. Haven held the chair of the Latin language and literature in this University iu 1853, and that of history and English literature in 1854 and 1855, and the oflfice of President of the University from 1863 to 1869.
The Senate has received with profound grief the intelligence of his death. Cut down suddenly, almost at the beginning of the sacred duties of the high and respon- sible office to which he had been called by the church of his choice, while still strong and vigorous, and, to all appearance, capable of doing good service in the cause of his Master for many years to come, he has left a record of great and manifold and fruitful labors to perpetuate his memory, and to console the multitude of friends, brethren, and associates who mourn his loss.
The uninterrupted successes of his life, from the day of his graduation at Middle- town to the day of his death in Oregon, were due to his unwavering faith in Christ, his indomitable energy, his ready adaptation to circumstances, his versality of tal- ent, and breadth and variety of attainment, his prudence and tact in administration, and, not least, his remarkable facility and felicity of expression in writing, and especially in public speaking.
He was elected to many and honorable positions, involving either educational, minis- terial, or literary labor; but among all the high duties to which he w^as called, none did he discharge with more distinguished ability than those of the presidency Of this University. During the six years of his administration, the attendance of under-graduates was constantly increasing, while the institution was steadily pro- gressing in its proper work, and growing in popular favor. Nor less was his admin- istration distinguished for the internal harmony and unity promoted by his large and kindly spirit, which at the same time attached all members of the University heartily and firmly to his person.
This University will ever cherish and honor the memory of President Haven, and while it mourns his death it is thankful for the good which a kind Providence has
36
PiOKBER Society of MicmaAK".
permitted him to achieve not only here, but in many fields of beneficent enterprise.
The Senate, while thus expressing its sense of the loss sustained by education and religion in the death of Bishop Haven, desires most sincerely and respectfully to extend its sympathies to the family so suddenly visited by a mysterious but wise and merciful Providence with this great sorrow and heaviest of earthly bereave- ments.
By order of the Senate,
HENRY S. FRIEZE, Acting President.
CHARLES K. ADAMS,
Secretary.
ADDRESS OF PROF. ALEX. WINCHELL.
The story of a successful life commands the interest of every young man. We are all aiming to adorn our lives with such good deeds that those who live after us will be gratified to contemplate them. We even hope to set examples which others may profitably imitate. When a successful career has been achieved, we are glad to know the methods and the springs of its success. A completed life which has been guided throughout by the pole-star of Chris- tian integrity, which has exemplified the best of human virtues, which has grappled with material and spiritual difficulties, and turned them to occasions of a noble triumph, which has been a perpetual example of moderation, self- control, purity, and ever increasing usefulness — such a life presents an attract- ive and inspiring subject for contemplation. Such a life was that of Erastus Otis Haven.
It is twelve years since he was one of us; but the University of Michigan still retains many distinct impressions of his hand. To some of us, who have seen the dawn and close of so many scholastic years, it seems but yes- terday that President Haven was lifting up his voice in lecture room and chapel, and moving to and fro in his sleepless care over the interests of this great western University. The sweetness of his life amongst us is a fragrance which, will never perish. We respect him more, we honor him more, we love him more as, with the lapse of time, his administration recedes from the smoky and distorting atmosphere which always envelopes the present. He gave our University six of its most prosperous and most beautiful years. An earlier connection with us dates back now twenty-nine years. He gave us nine years out of the best part of his life. He was thirty-three when he first identified himself with the University ; he was forty-nine when he finally withdrew for another field of usefulness. Beyond all question, the most earnest efforts of his life were put forth upon these grounds. Here his life witnessed its meridian. To this period he always turned back with profound interest and modest self-felicitation.
But we do not invito your interest in a sketch of his life because he was once President of this University. It is a life worthy of the interest and emulation of every noble-spirited young man. In such a life we are doubly interested, because it was lived amongst us; we were witnesses of the motives which dashed against it from without, or sustained and strengthened it from within.
The birth of Erastus Otis Haven occurred in Boston, Massachusetts, November 1, 1820. His father was a Methodist preacher. The story of his boyhood I have not sought to uncover. One incident illustrates that bright- Dess of intelligence which was so characteristic of his adult years. His par- ents were stationed at Falmouth, on Cape Cod, and the school committee
Key. Ekastus Otis Haven.
37
paid an official visit to the school to which the young boy belonged. One of the gentlemen — the Unitarian clergyman of the place — attracted by the smartness of the pupil, was led inb make the prediction, That boy will yet make his mark in the world." The lad was too young to understand the metaphor, and supposed the allusion was to some tracing in the sand of the beach, where he had been accustomed to make his marks.*
He entered the Wesleyan University in 1838, and received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1842. His college life fell in the interval between the administration of President Fisk and that of President Olin. Soon after graduation he assumed the principalship of a private academy at Sudbury, Mass., but in September, 1843, he entered upon duty in Amenia Seminary, Duchess county, N. Y., as teacher of natural science. The present speaker was at that time just entering on the last year of his preparation for college. The acquaintance of his teacher soon ripened into a friendship which remained unbroken by the vicissitudes of thirty-eight years.
Young Haven was now twenty-three years of age, but such was his maturity, abundance of knowledge, and copiousness of speech that, to his pupils, he seemed a veteran in experience. The interest imparted to class instruction by his vivacity and versatility are well remembered. The evening experimental lectures in chemistry and natural philosophy, were a center of univer- sal attraction in the Seminary, and yielded both instruction and delight, unequaled by the efforts to which some of us listened during a collegiate career.
In 1846 the young teacher was called to the principalship of the institution. He succeeded Rev. Joseph Cummings, afterwards president of the Wesleyan University, and now the executive of the Northwestern University. The lat- ter was the successor of Kev. Davis W. Clark, who was afterwards Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It may also be stated that Principal Haven was succeeded by his cousin, Rev. Gilbert Haven, afterwards Bishop. The facts show that Amenia Seminary was in those days, an institution which offered a theatre of activity for men of the first abilities. The post of prin- cipal was never filled more gracefully, more peacefully, or more successfully than by the subject of this sketch. As a personal witness of his striking apti- tude for executive duty in this seminary, 1 never hesitated afterwards to rec- ommend him for kindred positions. His ever ready flow of original ideas, and his vigorous, graceful style of language and delivery gave an interest to the Sunday afternoon discourses which relieved them of all the odium of per- functory duties, and drew together multitudes of willing students and citizens.
He was married July 28, 1847, to Miss Mary Frances Coles, of New York. She was a daughter of Rev. George Coles, a man of extraordinary sweetness of nature, who served the Methodist church not only as a preacher, and for many years as editor of the Christian Advocate, in New York, but as the real inaugurator of Sunday-school literature.
The following year Principal Haven resigned his position and joined the New York conference. He was first stationed at Twenty-fourth street church, now Thirtieth street church. In 1850 he was designated by Bishop Janes to to proceed to Oregon as a missionary. He accepted the appointment, but for some reason the plan was changed, and he was sent to Red Hook mission on the Hudson river. At the end of his term, in 1852, he was stationed at
* Rev. R. H. Howard, in Northern Christian Advocate, August 18, 1881.
38
Pioneer Society oe MiCHiaAisr.
Mulberry street church, now St. Paul's Methodist church, New York. In the midst of his term of service here, he was called, in 1853, to the University of Michigan, as "Professor of the Latin Language and Literature." He occupied the residence since assigned to the use of the College of Dental Surgery.
The university was at that time in process of reorganization. Dr. Henry P. Tappan, an educator and author of distinction, had been called to the presidency in 1852, in pursuance of the law requiring a discontinuance of the system of rotating presiding ojBficers. James E. Boise, of Brown University, had been at the same time installed as "Professor of the Greek Language and Literature." New life had been imparted to the university through the influence of three causes : 1. The increase in the endowment. 2. The re-organization, and the appointment of a president. 3. The high character of the incumbents of the new chairs. When Professor Haven first entered upon duty, the number of students in the university was 222. Of these, 162 were in the medical depart- ment, and 60 in the department of " Science, Literature, and the Arts." *
Professor Haven by the simplicity and affability of his manners, and by hi& attractive public discourses, contributed greatly to the revival of popular interest in the university. He had hardly entered upon duty when the discus- sions on the common school question which had been raised by the claims of the Roman Catholics, led to the delivery of a public address entitled Common Schools Vnsectarianf f the fame of which still filled the air when the present speaker arrived in Ann Arbor nearly a year afterward.
In 1864, on the appointment of the present incumbent of the chair of Latin, Professor Haven was transferred to the chair of "History and English Litera- ture." At the following commencement he delivered the annual address before the literary societies on "The increased mental activity of the age, its causes and demands." J This was one of the best considered addresses which he ever deliv- ered. He inquired, first into the causes of the modern enlargement of the empire of mind, and discovered them in the influence of Christianized civiliza- tion, and the immediate and ulterior consequences of the discovery of America. The dangers of this modern mental activity are the tendency to the demolition of everything ancient, whether good or bad, and an indifference to innovations whether hurtful or harmless. The remedy is thorough mental culture, especially of the clergy, and a noble, overmastering, if not inspired purpose on the part of scholars. In another address delivered at the inauguration of Dickinson institute at Romeo, || in discussing the value of science he was led to utter a prediction whose fulfillment is now taking place. Speaking of elec- tricity, he said, "more of it lies quiet in a gill of water than is present in a flash of lightning that cleaves the oak of a hundred years. * * * Who can say that this power will not yet be controlled so as to move machinery and to light our houses and streets ?"
He was honored this year with the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Union College.
In April, 1855, the Annual meeting of the State Teachers' Association was held in Ann Arbor. On this occasion he read a Report " On the Advan- tages of a Critical study of the Classics in the English Language, in
* According to the Catalogue of 1852-3. In 1851-2, the number was 57.
t Discourse delivered in the M. E. church at Ann Arbor, Michigan, March 6, 1853. Published on the solicitation of a large committee of citizens. t Delivered June 2G, 1854, and published by request of the Literary Societies. II October 18, 1854. Published by the Institute.
Key. Erastus Otis Haveist.
39
Schools."* This was the first time any voice had been raised in Ann Arbor in behalf of a critical study of the English masterpieces. One of his points is thus summarized : " To the most advanced scholars in college or in insti- tutions where any, male or female, enjoy the last advantages of oral instruc- tion, criticism should be taught as an art; some of the best specimens of literature should be exhaustively reviewed ; the students themselves should make formal and critical reviews of one or two authors, and the best general directions should be given."
This session of the Teachers' Association was especially signalized by an earnest and intelligent discussion on the question of the admission of women into colleges and universities. f A number of the leading educators of the State participated, and among them was Dr. Haven, who with his charac- teristic and elegant earnestness took sides in favor of co-education.
In 1856 Dr. Haven appeared before the world as an author in a small book entitled "The Young Man Advised."
From some reason which to the present writer was always involved in mystery, Dr. Haven now resigned his chair. So far as the impelling motive was ever made known to me it was done only in confidence. It was an act universally regretted, and apparently inexplicable. He entered at once upon the duties of editor of Zion's Herald, the oldest, and in many respects the most highly esteemed Methodist newspaper in the world.
His Boston life for seven years was one of ceaseless and excited activity. As an editor he accomplished an amount of work seldom equaled. But during a portion of the time he also had charge of a church in Maiden. From 1858 to 1863 he was a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education, and member of the State Board of Overseers of Harvard College. In 1862, and again in 1863, he was elected to the Massachusetts Senate, where he served with considerable distinction as chairman of the joint committee on education. In 1863 he received the honorary degree of doctor of laws from the Ohio Wesleyan university.
On the 25th of June of this year the board of regents recalled Dr. Haven by a unanimous vote to the university, to assume the presidential chair just vacated. They also assigned to him the duties of the professorship of rhetoric and English literature. This action, by instruction of the board, was mailed '^forthwith" to Dr. Haven, and five days afterward he penned his acceptance. What would have been his decision had he known by what means the pres- idency became vacantj it is idle to conjecture. Certain it is that he was unin- formed of the removal of Dr. Tappan, and had accepted the position offered before he could have learned the cause of the vacancy. It is equally certain that he must have felt bound by his word, though a more timid man would have shrunk from the storm which was preparing to burst upon him.
As early as July 6th, the University Senate made a wise and conservative attempt to forestall the consequences of the coming reaction. Forbearing to express any opinion on the wisdom of the action taken by the Board of Eegents, tliey resolved to *' recognize the appointment of Dr. Haven as an
* Read April 3, 1855, and published in The Michigan Journal of Education, vol. ii. pp. 147—52.
t Introduced by a Report on Co-Education" presented by Prof. Putnam of Kalamazoo College. See Mich. Jour, of Education, vol. ii, pp. 133—37, 139—41. This discussion is referred to m the Report of a Committee of Regents On the Admission of Females, submitted Sept. 29, 1858. See Froc. Board of Regents, 1858—1864, A pp. p. 13. , ^ „
% On the 25th of June the Board of Regents adopted the foUowing: ''Resolved, That Dr. Henry P. Tappan be and he is hereby removed from the offices and duties of the President of tue University and Professor of Philosophy therein." Five regents voted in the afiirmative, two were absent and one was excused from voting. Proc. Board of Regents, 1858-1864, p. 178.
40
PioisTEER Society or Michigtak.
accomplished fact — as the present legally established order of things in the University — which its peace and best interests will not allow to be treated as unsettled, or open to agitation and doubt," and to "cordially extend to our new President our pledge of an earnest disposition to unite with him in laboring for the purposes to which we have agreed to devote ourselves by assuming our respective offices, and we receive him in full confidence that his character and ability will enable him to secure the respect and reliance of the public, and the continuance of the esteem with which we welcome him."* President Haven appeared at the meeting of the Board of Regents in August, and on the 9th of September, the youthful Director of the Observa- tory, Professor Watson, revealed the existence of a new star, Eurynome, which rose upon the vision of men as an auspicious omen for the new admin- istration. At the beginning of the Academic year. President Haven delivered his Inaugural Address. His special theme was Ujiiversities in America,\ While he recognized the disadvantages of ''church colleges," he insisted that State institutions of education are essentially and necessarily religious, because the people who create and maintain them are a Christian people. ''I maintain," he says, ''that a State University in this country should be religious. It should be Christian without being sectarian." With other words of similar purport, he adds: "Especially should the bonds of union between science and revelation be shown. The professors should be men capable of perceiving and illustrating the evidences of the divine origin of Christianity, in language, mathematics, the laws of material things and of vegetable and animal life ; in history and art, and in the mind of man. * * * Those questions upon which denominations differ — however vital they may appear — should be left to their acknowledged teachers out of the University, or be so respectfully and impartially stated as not to offend the conscience of any sincere believer." Nor does he apprehend for the Univer- sity any political complications. Our freedom from political embarrassments creates a feeling of wonder that dangers from this source can appear so large in the eyes of eastern educators. President Haven also maintains that the means of a University may be legitimately employed to promote scientific investigation. But he holds fast here, as everywhere, to the importance of the study of the ancient classics. He recommends an extension of the elec- tive system. He seems to feel the pressure of the problem which in our day is bearing with such weight that we shall be compelled to seek its solution. In the multitude of subjects of study which modern science has made important, what shall be set down as compulsory, what elective? And how long shall the undergraduate be detained in the courses deemed " secondary?" The most obvious way to relieve our embarrassment is simply to make the greater part of these studies elective. This was the recommendation of President Haven ; and this simply is the extent of the relief afforded by the next recent action of the University. President Haven recommended, like- wise, as a prospective measure, the appointment of a "Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Languages," and a "Professor of Ecclesiastical History,"
President Haven's familiarity with current national events is shown in his annual message to the third moot congress of the law department, J and his marked ecclesiastical breadth, and liberality towards those who had plunged
* Proc. Board of Regents, 1858—1864, pp. 184—5.
t An Inaugural Address delivered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 1st, 1863. 31pp.,8vo. Pub- lished by the University. % DeHvered October 24, 1863, and published by the law students.
Bet. Erastus Otis Haven^.
41
the nation into war, are exemplified in a thanksgiving sermon preached this year.*
On the first of February, 1864, an entirely new board of regents entered upon office. Those who deposed the late president and installed his successor were now powerless ; and it was the belief of a considerable number of people that it would be the duty of the new board to restore the former status. The friends of the old president and the new were manifesting a deep interest in the issue which it was understood would be reopened. Of all these fears and hopes President Haven seemed to have no knowledge. Of the thousands interesting themselves at the beginning of this year in the affairs of the Uni- versity, President Haven seemed to be the least discomposed. On meeting the assembled Board, he proceeded at once with his official communications. After some appropriate formalities, he referred to the enlargement of the Medical College building as an immediate necessity. He renewed his recom- mendation of the two professorships mentioned in his Inaugural, and set before the Board the necessity of a Gymnasium for the use of the students. To this time the Steward had never kept an office apart from his private place of business in the city, but President Haven now urged the importance of removing his office to the University grounds. In the course of the morning, however, one of the Kegents introduced memorials from students requesting the re-instatement of the late President. It is impossible not to feel that the situation of the new President had become painfully embarrassing. A certain number of his own students had expressed a wish for his retirement, and had preferred their request before a body possessing full power to comply with their wishes. Many men in the position of President Haven would have felt goaded to some expression of indignation or defiance. But Dr. Haven preserved the imperturbability of a summer sky. Many men would have marked the petitioners for future remembrance, but no student signing the petition could ever affirm that President Haven had not always treated him as well as he did his best friends. Every person remained in complete igno- rance of the purpose of the Board. The crowd of onlookers was in a state of excited expectation. The petitions were made the special order for an after- noon hour. When that hour arrived resolutions were adopted deprecating the interference of students in the matter of appointments and concluding with permission to the petitioners to withdraw their petitions.
But the friends of the late President did not consider the question as settled. They felt that an act of injustice had been done which ought to be redressed. They accordingly made preparations to press their demands at a meeting of the Board which was to be held on the sixteenth of the following month. On the appointed day a delegation of ^'distinguished citizens" from Detroit appeared before the Board to present memorials for the reinstatement of the former President, and to argue the question on its merits. The memorials were considered at an executive session on the evening of the same day, and referred to a special committee, who reported on the 18th of February, two days afterward. The report was an admirably temperate and courteous con- sideration of the claims of the memorialists, and the alleged facts on which they rested. It pays a tribute of esteem to the late President, but recom- mends in conclusion, ''that the request of the memorialists be not granted.'' f The report was adopted with but one dissenting vote.
* ''Shoiild the natioa be thankful?" A thanksgiving discourse Nov; 26, 18C3. 19pp.8vo. Published "by the citizens of Ann Arbor.
t Proceedings of the Board of Regents 1864—1870, pp. 21—24.
42
Pioneer Society or MiCHiG-Aisr.
It is impossible to estimate justly the character of our deceased friend without considering his conduct in this painfully trying crisis. I take no pleasure in recalling the struggles of 1864, but justice to the memory of the man who passed unscathed through those fiery trials, commands me to commemorate the Christian moderation, the heroic fortitude, the unruf- fled patience and the unfaltering steadiness with whicli he bore himself through the prolonged ordeal. I do not wish to reflect the feeblest per- sonal judgment on the merits of the controversy. I should lose my self-re- spect, to take sides on an occasion like this. I admit that the leaders o^ both parties were actuated by high motives, and sought only the best welfare of the University. But the painful character of the situation was a fact. The most admirable bearing of the President was a fact. His grand moral triumph was a fact. That it was one of the most lustrous successes of his life is a fact. That his friends always felt proud, not of his victory over a rival, but his victory over himself, and of his subsequent control of turbulent elements, is a fact. That his subsequent peaceful, dignified, and conciliatory policy won the admiration of many of his opposers, is a fact. Why then should we pass in silence over this epoch, so fruitful of honor to one of the chief actors, and one which stands so prominent in the memory of all who have known the University eighteen years? An administration for which many predicted dis- order, decadence, and disaster, was led by the hand of gentleness and wisdom to an ever growing and brightening success. It revealed no heart-burnings, no hatred. There was no proscribed list. Universal amnesty of past hostilities reigned in the peaceful breast of the man who, had he been no more than a common man, would have felt the chafing of the situation during his term of office, and might have sought to bury his enemies even beneath the ruins of the University. We can all unite in honoring such a man. He has left us a grand example of Christian character.
At the ensuing medical commencement, he delivered the annual address to the graduates. The discussion presented was On the Relation of the Medical Profession to Science.* He considered the historical and subjective relations of medicine to the growth of the natural sciences, and advocated high scien- tific acquirements for physicians.
In his Annual Report to the Board of Regents presented in September, he announced that the standard of admission to tlie Academical Department had been raised, so that none could enter unless qualified for admission to either the Classical or the Scientific Course. He advised moderate rigor in fixing the terms of admission; and recommended that the proceeds of the Detroit property, amounting to $22,000, be constituted the nucleus of a Library Fund. This recommendation was adopted, and for some years the Board struggled to maintain it intact; but the dire financial pressure which succeeded, reduced its existence to a nominal thing, which at the present time, I think, is no longer even named. f
At the March meeting of 1865, a'* School of Mines" was established, and at the Commencement of the Law Department, President Haven delivered the address to the graduates on The Legal Profession in America.]; He spoke of the abstract nature of the conception of law. Unwritten law, he
♦March 30, 18G4. 20 pp., 8 vo. Published hy the Board of Regents, at the request of the Medical Faculty.
tit was absorbed in the "General Fund by Resolution of the Board of Regents June 30, 1875. t March 29, 1865, 19 pp. 8 vo. Published " in response to airequest of the Faculty of the Depart- ment of Law."
Key. Ebastus Otis Hayen.
48
said, antedates statutory law, aad exists in human consciousness long before written law is known. He pointed out the ancillary character of all other knowledge in the theory and practice of law. ''All science," he said, converges here."
On the loth of April, 1865, intelligence of the assassination of President Lincoln thrilled the civilized world. On the 19th, a mass meeting convened in Ann Arbor, at which President Haven presented one of the finest out- bursts of extemporaneous and impassioned oratory ever heard in the city.* The peroration closes with the following apostrophe :
''And then Lincoln! thou hast so suddenly been called away from a nation just jubilant with gratitude at thy success — though thou wert not permitted to live and receive the grateful thanks of the whole reunited people and the whole Christian world, yet, perhaps, from the serene regions of immortality, surrounded by thousands of the brave oflQcers and men who, like thee, have sacrificed their earthly life for their country's good — thou shalt look down, first upon a weeping, and then upon a thankful nation, among whom, in proportion to its purity, integrity and patriotism, thy virtues will be emulated and thy name honored ; and America will ever point with patriotic pride to the two grand historic names, Washington and Lincoln, the Father and preserver of their native land !"
In his Annual Report for 1865, he advises the connection of all professional schools with the University ; he deprecates haste in beginning the study of the professions; he again recommends more exacting examinations for entrance to the Medical Department ; he sets forth the pressing need of a suitable chapel, and makes appeal to the private munificence of the State in behalf of the University.
During the following year appeared a work from his pen entitled The Pil- lars of Truth, f It consisted of twelve Sunday afternoon sermons delivered to the Students of the University, and offered to the public in pursuance of a request from the "Young Men's Christian Association" of the University. I have not the time at my disposal to point out the characteristics of this vol- ume in respect to style and doctrine. It must suffice to state that in method and substance it possesses the simplicity and the transparency which so pre- eminently belonged to the character of the author. His breadth of view, his doctrinal catholicity, his philosophical apprehension of idolatries and heathenism, his disregard of shadows, traditions, cant, and conceit, his love of man, and especially of young men, his faith in Christianity, and his uni- versal reliance upon it everywhere conspicuous, make this a volume on which seekers after religious counsel may rest with trust and affection.
The breadth and generosity of his nature were further reflected in a Cen- tennial Sermon on Methodism and the Sources of its Power, delivered before the Detroit Conference in September. J
The University had now reached a narrower financial strait than had been passed since 1841, on the first opening of its doors to collegiate classes, and when the State loaned the institution one hundred thousand dollars, and col- lected interest and principal out of the Endowment Fund. The cost of all
* Memorial Proceedings in honor of the lamented President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the address of Rev. E. O. Haven, D. D., LL. D., Presi- dent of the University of Michigan. 14 pp. 8 vo. Published by the citizens.
^ The Pillars of Truth, a Series of Sermons on the Decalogue. Crown 12mo. 248 pp., New lorK, Carlton & Porter.
t Before the Detroit Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Chxtrch, September, 1866. 8vo., 24 pp. Published by resolution of the Conference.
44
PioKEEK Society of Michigan.
materials and commodities was eoormously enhanced by the inflation con- sequent upon the prosecution of the war ; but the income of the University was a fixed quantity. All the unprofessional employes of the University were demanding increase of compensation ; and the increase granted between 1864 and 1866, amounted to fifty per cent. The salaries of the professors had remained the same as in the ante-bellum period, until the present year, when a slight increase was temporarily ordered.* But the treasury was absolutely exhausted, and the current expenses were in excess of the regular income. It was truly saddening to witness the perplexities and anxieties of those placed in charge of the interests of the institution. The finance committee gravely pointed out the seriousness of the situation. They enjoined the most scrupu- lous and exacting economy, but ended their report with the following painful confession: *'We have passed the point where the current revenues of the University meet the current expenses. * * * jt jg yery import- ant that immediate steps be taken to increase the permanent fund of the University. Your committee are not prepared to recommend a plan to that effect, but urge the consideration of the subject upon the Board at its present session." f
But the board was powerless. The constitution forbade the imposition of charges upon the students for tuition, though the ever increasing number of students imposed an ever increasing burden of expense. A slight advance was made in matriculation and annual fees, but the relief to be anticipated was trifling. It was at one time contemplated to make an appeal to the people of Michigan," declaring the present condition of the university," and ''urging the immediate attention of the people to this subject."! It was pathetic to contemplate the distressing anxiety and dark forebodings of those who had undertaken to guard the interests of the university and secure its perpetuity. I desire to tender the thanks of all friends of higher education to the brave hearts and clear heads which sustained our university through the peril of those days. I will not withhold even here, the expression of (my admir- ation and gratitude to the successive boards of regents who, from the sole love of righteous well-doing, have devoted their unpaid services to the custodianship of a great university which has too often demanded of them wisdom, and forbearance, and patience more than human.
In all the anxieties and expedients of this trying period, President Haven was a large participator. But no despairing cloud ever shadowed the sunny cheerfulness of his nature. He grappled personally with the grave difificulties of the situation, and it was his geniality, wisdom, and tact which finally led the university through the strait. He drew up a carefully studied memorial to the Legislature of 1867 in whi^h he set forth plainly the serious fact that the university of the State had attained the utmost limit of its development unless the endowment could be increased. He demonstrated that in this condition it must begin immediately to fall in the rear of all progressive institutions of similar grade — even of those of more western states which had, so far, followed the University of Michigan as a model. He vindicated the popular character of the university, cited the eulogies which had been bestowed upon it by the highest educational authorities, and expressed his rational trust in the purpose of the people to come to their own university with such aid as seemed to be
*The increase was fifteen per cent, and was subsequently made permanent. In. 1872 professors' •salaries were put at 82,500, but in 1879 they were lowered to $2,200. t Proceedings of the Board of Regents, 1864—1870, p. 161. X Proceedings of the Board of Regents 1864-1870, p. 181.
Eey. Erastus Otis Haven.
45
imperatively needed. He suggested an addition of $200,000 to the endowment, or what would be better, a small annual tax upon the property of the State.'"*"
The appeal succeeded. A bill was introduced imposing an annual tax of one-twentieth of a mill on the property of the State, and it seemed likely to pass by large majorities. The friends of the university besjan to feel jubilant. But at last a proviso was appended conditioning the aid on the appointment of a homoeopathic professor in the medical department of the university; and thus hampered, the bill became a law.
The cloud of gloom still hung over the heads of the president and board of regents. At an April meeting the Eegents at first contemplated establishing a separate homoeopathic college, as they were persuaded that the introduction of homoeopathy into the medical department would result in its disintegration. The project, however, was postponed for a year. Meantime the accommoda- tions of the medical department imperatively demanded enlargement. Women were pressing for admission and accommodations in the university. The chemical laboratory was also calling for larger quarters, and a sum was bor- rowed from the ^'reserve fund" to supply this demand.
The President in his Baccalaureate Sermon f this year reaffirmed the essentially religious basis of American Colleges. He ably defended national education against charges of secularism. He pressed the claims of Christi- anity upon young men, arguing that the religious character is most perfect, and that the tendency toward perfection is a law of nature. He showed the superior strength of a religious character and exhorted young men by their ambition to impress and improve the age, to seek the alliance of that strength imparted by Christian symmetry of character.
His Annual Report for 1867 echoes first of all, the cry of the overcrowded Medical Faculty for enlarged accommodations.]; He states that opportunities to students for elections have been extended until six courses of study were now offered. He renews his recommendation for more rigorous entrance examinations in the Medical Department. He describes his labors with the Legislature, but argues against the admission of homoeopathy, and advises the Regents to decline the proffered aid with its impracticable conditions. The question of co-education of the sexes in the University pressed again upon the attention of the authorities. President Haven argues it in his Report, with a sincere desire to promote the higher education of women, but concludes with the recommendation that no change be made.||
The universal good will felt toward the President was well exemplified in October in an invitation to address the Father Mathew Total Abstinence Benevolent Society" of Ann Arbor,§ and the President's easy and affable adaptability to all situations is equally exemplified in the happy strain with which he responded in his address.
One of his University sermons delivered in November, on Science and Religion,^ attracted marked attention. It was affluent in those crisp and often metaphorical and antithetical phrases, tense with thought, which he delighted to project upon his audiences. As there was no subject on which
* House document No. 1. Session of 1867.
t Public Education and Religion. A Baccalaureate Sfermon delivered June 23, 1867. 8 vo. 16 pp.
t In 1866-7 there had been 525 medical students enroUed. This great number probably resulted from causes growing out of the war. So high a figure has not been reached in any subsequent year. The average enrollment for the past ten years has been 333.
II Proceedings of the Board of Regents 1868—1870, p. 233.
§ Address delivered October 10, 1867, and published by A. Chase, Ann Arbor. TT Delivered November 3, 1867, and repeated, by request, in the Methodist Episcopal Church, April 19, 1868. PublisLed by A. W, Chase, Ann Arbor.
46
Pioneer Society of MicHiaAx.
he did not at some time formulate an opinion, so here he lays down the proposition that the Bible contains nothing either for or against Preadamites.
His University sermon of February 2, 1868, on The Kesponsibility of Finite Beings,* was one of the best elaborated and thoughtful essays of his life. I regret that the time at my disposal is insufficient to justify an abstract.
At the March meeting of the Board of Regents he again urged the import- ance of a gymnasium. At the same meeting the government of the Uni- versity felt itself so oppressed by increasing demands for ampler financial means that it was decided to accept the aid offered by the State, under the belief that the law would be fulfilled by the location of a Homoeopathic College at some other point than Ann Arbor. The State Supreme Court, however, did not sustain the correctness of this view, and the University remained, therefore, groaning beneath its burdens. In his annual report for 1868, Pres- ident Haven deprecates the tendency manifest in some of our high schools to exclude the ancient languages. He repeats for the third time, the statement that **we ought to have a gymnasium," and then proceeds to lay down certain general principles which render indefensible the position that the University may be justly called upon to maintain instruction in any special theories of medicine. All that is true and useful is embraced in the purview of the recog- nized science and practice of medicine, based on the totality of human knowl- -edge ; and no professional narrowness should exclude from this science any- thing of such usefulness that a medical sect could base upon it an appeal for public countenance and support. It is known to the speaker that President Haven felt this to be an impregnable position, and experienced peculiar satis- faction in summoning the Regents and the people to its defense. He makes this an occasion for returning to the discussion of co-education ; and caused no little surprise by reaching a conclusion the opposite of that enun- ciated a year previously. He closes with an appeal prompted by the question then uppermost in all minds. ^^Michigan has a population," he sajs, "of nearly a million ; it will yet have several millions. Shall the University then have no more income than now? * * * The fathers of Michifijan did well, and the University has repaid their far-seeing enterprise in honor and usefulness — will not the present generation imitate as well as eulogize their fathers?''
On the assembling of the Legislature of 1869, the president of the Univer- sity was invited by resolution to address that body on the needs of the institu- tion. This was the kind of opportunity which the president might well have coveted. Pew could resist the winning simplicity and honest earnestness of his customary public address. He pleaded for the removal of the impracticable condition on which public aid had been offered by the preceding Legislature. He succeeded. As a consequence of this, the tax of one-twentieth of a mill levied and collected for two years, was then due the University. The whole amount was eventually paid. The University experienced relief. The Board of Regents was jubilant. The president professed profound satisfaction, but maintained his usual undemonstrative composure.
This was a consummation of triple significance. 1. It brought immediate relief to the University. 2. This relief was based on the just principle that the amount of annual aid should grow with the population and wealth of the State. 3. It inaugurated the principle of legislative support for higher edu-
* 12 mo. 15 pp. Published by A. W. Chase, Ann Arbor.
Eev. Erastus Otis Havek.
47
cation, and established a precedent which would predispose future legislators to contemplate the University with more enlarged and more generous views than had heretofore been entertained. The fruits of this single achievement we are still gathering. The State tax now yields the University $31,500 annu- ally, which is equivalent to an endowment of $453,000 at seven per cent interest ; and the other appropriations made to the University at the last ses- sion of the Legislature aggregate $160,000. It can now be truthfully boasted that the State University subsists not chiefly by the bounty of the general gov- ernment, but by the munificence of the State.
I know personally that these results were intelligently forecast by President Haven. It is not surprising that he felt that he had accomplished a culmin- ating and supreme service for the University. To us who acknowledged unreservedly our gratitude for such service, he seemed to be upon the thresh- old of still greater usefulness. We were picturing a future of assured peace, public confidence, and growing prosperity. But at this juncture we were astounded and dismayed by President Haven's announcement of his intention to resign his office at the close of the collegiate year.
To this announcement the Board of Regents responded as follows :
" We have heard with deep regret from Dr. Haven that he tenders the resignation of his trust as president of the university ; that the continued prosperity and enlarged usefulness and fame of the university, in all its branches during the past six years, has been to a large extent due to the learn- ing, skill, assiduity, and eminent virtues of Dr. Haven ; that we accept with deep regret his resignation. At the same time we respectfully request him to remain with us until the next meeting of the board, or until the board shall have had time to take action under the delicate and highly responsible trust again devolved upon us ; that we feel undiminished confidence in the peculiar fitness of Dr. Haven for the position of president of an institution of learning, and confidently trust that his usefulness may remain undiminished."
At the board meeting of August 1? President Haven read his sixth and last annual report. In this he recites the history of his transactions with the Legislature, and congratulates the board that the Legislature of Michigan passed "the noblest act ever passed for higher education by the Legislature of -any American State." On this occasion he enumerated several important advances in the working of the university, and these I shall presently embrace in a general summary.
During this year President Haven again appeared before the public as the author of a work entitled. Rhetoric : A Text Book designed for use in Schools and Colleges, and for Private Study.* This is a work which our Professor Tyler held in high esteem; but I am compelled here to forego all examination of its merits.
The presidency of Dr. Haven was signalized by great progress and solid prosperity in the affairs of the university. He found the literary department with 366 students and left it with 422; the medical department with 252 students, and left it with 358; and the law department with 134 students^ while he left it with 342. He found the university with 652 students, and left it with 1114. Two years before he left there had been 1255 ; but during two years the Medical Department fell off 167, or from 525 to 358. Had it held its own, the total in the University in 1869 would have been 1281. The law department also fell off 53, or from 395 to 342. Had this also held its
* 12 mo., 318 pages. Published by Harper & Brothers, New York.
48
Pioneer Society or MicHiaAisr.
own, the total in the university in 1869 would have been 1334. The number of new students admitted to the literary department in 1863 was 113; in 1868 it was 156. The number of old students who returned was annually increased.
The progress of the university during President Haven's administration was further shown by the following consummations, which I name in the order of time : The office of the steward was located upon the grounds, and he was required to devote his whole time to the duties of the position (March 30,
1864) . The Rominger collection of European fossils was purchased (March 30, 1864). The Houghton herbarium was received (June ^8, 1884). A reserve fund for the endowment of the library was created which, in August, 1869, amounted to $17,166. A school of mines was inaugurated (March 28,
1865) . The astronomical observatory was enlarged (Sept. 26, 1865). The Sager botanical collection was received (March 29, 1866.) The policy of con- ferring honorary degrees was adopted (June 26, 1866). The Fletcher law library was received (March 27, 1866). The Fletcher professorship of law was established (June 28, 1866). State aid through a property tax of one- twentieth of a mill was obtained first with conditions (1867) and afterward without conditions (1869). The medical college building was enlarged (April 9, 1867). The Ford anatomical collection was purchased (March 25, 1868). A course in mechanical engineering was organized (Dec. 22, 1868). The university hospital was established (March 31, 1869). The Sager anatomical collection was purchased (April i, 1869). Steam-heating apparatus was introduced (April 1, 1869).
President Haven could easily have accomplished the admission of women, but his scruples regarding the practicability of the measure, expressed in 1867, led him to throw his influence at first, in the opposite direction. The co-edu- cation of women in the University had been before the attention of the authorities and people since the memorable discussion in the State Teachers' Association in 1855, in which Professor Haven was a strong advocate of the principle, and when it was Resolved, That in the opinion of this Association, co-education of the sexes is in accordance with true philosophy, and it is prac- tically expedient."* The State Senate adopted a report in 1857, strongly favoring the system, f In March, 1858, Miss S. E. Burger notified the Board of Regents that she and several other young ladies would make application for admission in June, and this was done, but the application was refused. In September, 1858, the Regents, after long examination of the question, were led to adopt an adverse report, resolving that *^at present it is inexpedient to introduce this change into the institution."! In 1859 a petition was received from 1,476 citizens in favor of the admission of women, and Miss Burger ||. and three other ladies renewed their application. The Regents, however, only reaffirmed their action of the previous 3^ear. It is a traditional fact, however^ that their action would have been favorable but for opposition proceeding from representatives of the Faculties of the University. The question now remained dormant till 1867, when the Legislature adopted a joint resolution declaring "that it is the deliberate opinion of this Legislature that the high objects for which the University of Michigan was organized will never be fully attained until women are admitted to all its rights and privileges." In pursuance of this declaration. Regent AVillard induced the Board, in April, to refer
* Michigan Journal of Education, vol. ii, p. 139.
t Reproduced in Michigan Journal of Education, vol. ii, pp. 72-4.
% Proceedings Board of Megents, 1858— 18CI, p. 31.
II Now the wife of Judge Ozora P. :5tearns, of Duluth, a graduate of 1858.
Eev. Erastus Otis Hayejt.
49
the question again to the executive committee.* I do not learn that the executive committee ever reported, but the subject was discussed by President Haven in his annual report for 1867, and the measure was pronounced inex- pedient. In his reporfc for 1868, however, he expresses the conviction which he had enunciated thirteen years before, that women have rights in the University which it is expedient to respect. But the subject was passed over by the Board until the April meeting of 1869, when Resfent Willard renewed his attempt by introducing the resolution '*That in the opinion of the Board no rule exists in any of the University statutes which excludes women from admission to the University." It was the impression of the majority, how- ever, that the conservatism lingering in the Faculties would prevent the experiment from receiving a fair trial, and they perhaps still believed that some expensive rearrangements of the buildings would be demanded. Mr. Willard's second attempt, therefore, found its way to a resting place ^*on the table." This was the status of the question when President Haven took his final leave of the University. But the germ of success was developing. At the first regular meeting after the retirement of President Haven, Eegent Willard, with the persistence of a true reformer, returned to the attempt to secure the natural and legal rights of women in the University, by intro- ducing the following unostentatious resolution :
"i2eso?ve(^, That the Beard of Regents recognize the right of every resident of Michigan to the enjoyment of the privileges afforded by the University; and that no rule exists in any of the University statutes for the exclusion of any person from the University, who possesses the requisite literary and moral qualifications."
The resolution was laid upon the table, but was subsequently taken up, on motion of Regent Willard, and adopted by a vote of six to two. This was on January 5, 1870.
Though the consummation was reached after President Haven had entered upon another field of duty, it was only a fruit whose ripening ho had nur- tured and watched.
Dr. Haven, in the autumn of 1869, assumed the presidency of the North- western University. I have not time to speculate on the motives which may have prompted him to determine on a change which seemed so regrettable to our University, and so little advantageous to himself. Nor can I discuss here the question whether his new position presented greater opportunities for serving the cause of education, or even the interests of his own church. His work at Evanston was prosecuted with characteristic energy, industry, watch- fulness, and fertility of intellectual resources. From the late Acting Presi- dent of that institution I have obtained a summary statement of valuable consummations reached during the three years of Dr. Haven's administra- tion. ''He found the Northwestern University a small college; he left it a well-organized American University, with more students in attendance upon the college and professional courses than there were in attendance at any denominational institution west of the Alleghenies. He added the Depart- ment of Medicine; made the preliminary arrangements for adding the Department of Law; and the Theological School was united to the Univer- sity in work, and registered in the same Catalogue. The College Library was increased from 5,000 to 25,000 volumes. The College Faculty was enlarged, and elective courses of study were established. Women were
* Proceedings Board of Regents, 1864—1870, pp. 200-1.
7
50 Pioneer Society of MiCHiGAisr.
admitted to study and to degrees under its presidency for the first time. It was a good work that he did. He told me that if he could see how $100,000 could be raised, which he needed to complete his plans, and have the finances in a sound condition, he would not leave."* So writes the late Acting Presi- dent, Dr. Marcy.
Dr. Haven was a member of the General Conference of 1872, as he had been of the two preceding ones. It was the general expectation that he would receive from this Conference the honor of election to the Board of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church; but he fell slightly short of the requisite number of votes. It is understood that he was opposed by some of his best friends, who, as friends of the Northwestern University, greatly desired, his continuance at the head of that institution. Dr. Haven had been long contemplated as a suitable person for the episcopal office. At the Gen- eral Conference of 1868, held at Chicago, he occupied in the debates and councils, a most conspicuous position. One of his biographers, alluding to this occasion, writes: "Erastus 0. Haven would have been easily selected as the man of us all with a large future. He was Chancellor of Michigan University, then ranking not lower than third among American institutions of learning. He could do everything easily, well, popularly. We were all proud of his good fight at Ann Arbor — one of the most Christian victories on record. If a Bishop had been chosen he was easily first. One had some difficulty in comparing him with Dr. McClintock, but it was easy to see that Dr. Haven was the wider, if not the stronger, man. He was so affluent in all kinds of resources, so ready in all manner of work, and looked so well bal- anced in physique that he stimulated the imagination and hope of friends, as few men have eVer done."f
President Haven did not cooperate with the opposition stimulated by the desire to retain him in the Northwestern University. He resigned his posi- tion in the summer of 1872. It would not be extravagant to allege that this step was as mysterious and unexplained and also as deeply regretted, as both his resignations from the University of Michigan. In this case, he stepped into no office or occupation comparable in dignity or opportunities for useful- ness. He accepted the Secretaryship of the Board of Education of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and discharged its duties faithfully for two years. But here were neither the resources nor the prestige, nor the field, for great work. I doubt if the position was generally considered worthy of him; and it may not be straining probabilities to affirm that such was his own conviction. It was not surprising, therefore, that when, in June, 1874, he received the offer of the Chancellorship of Syracuse University, he was found in the mood of acceptance. I do not allege that this step was taken as a dernier resort; but it cannot be denied that a glamour had been thrown about this institution which was more dazzling than the bottom facts of his- tory justified ; and Dr. Haven in entering upon duty here, did not, like Cortes, burn his ships behind him. For six years he labored with fidelity; but the situation was depressing. As one of his late colleagues has recently written to me, *'he was weak bodily and discouraged mentally. He was some way lacking in that true courage and unfaltering faith in this enterprise which are so essential to inspire others to connect themselves and their fortunes with us." It was the fault of the situation and not of the man,
* Private letter of October 28, 1881.
t The Methodist, New York, August, 1881.
Eev. Erastus Otis Haveit.
51
that no great achievement was won during his administration. But his administration was not fruitless. The University was maintained. Not even the straitness of the finances was allowed to prompt to any undignified expedients. Everybody loved and honored Chancellor Haven. He shed "a certain intangible aroma on all with whom he came in contact. * * He never had an enemy. * * * The community honored him. He was a Christian gentleman." This language is much less glowing than others have employed on the same subject ; but it is not a conclusion which I have trusted myself to formulate ; it comes from a perfectly authentic source.
In 1876, Chancellor Haven was a delegate to the Greneral Conference at Baltimore, and was again a prominent candidate for the episcopal office. He was chosen a delegate to bear the greetings of his church to the English and Irish Wesleyans — an appointment which gave him in 1877, his first opportu- nity for observation in the old world.
In May, 1880, the General Conference in session at Cincinnati cast its vote for Chancellor Haven as one of the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Few men ever received promotion at the hands of a delegated body with more cordial or unanimous acclamation from its constituency. It had for twelve years been felt that Dr. Haven's remarkable executive abilities, his winning suavity of manners, his various learned acquirements, and his lofty Christian character, were qualifications by which Providence had pointed him out as a suitable incumbent of the highest office in the gift of the church. He entertained an unobtrusive aspiration to enter a field of usefulness for which he felt his nature and attainments fairly adapted ; and it cannot be doubted that he had reason to feel, and probably did feel, that he had reached now the threshold of his great life-work. The absorbing devotion with which he entered upon his duties testified that only one thought now occupied his soul. I fear it was a devotion too absorbing which resulted in cutting short the days of its continuance.
His official residence was assigned to San Francisco. He was to undertake the entire episcopal supervision of our Pacific coast for one year. Instead of proceeding directly to his special field of duty, he made a wide and laborious detour through Kentucky, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, holding con- ferences and visiting the churches. His observations and the suggestions based upon them proved valuable to the general administration. In October, 1880, while presiding at the Kentucky Conference, he **felt the first warning of his fatal disease which, by will and work, he was striving to overcome." He went to the Pacific coast deeply impressed with the magnitude and impor- tance of his charge; and he gave to it all the diversified energies of body, intellect, and soulT Bishop Harris testifies to the value of his administrative work. At the memorial service held in San Francisco, he said: Bishop Haven was a wise counselor in all matters pertaining to the interests of the church. I learned this more particularly in the last year when in the closest intimacies, and the careful consideration that we were called upon to give to the most delicate and difficult questions of church administration — matters that affected the church from centre to circumference—I found him the most thoughtful, judicious, and wise man to whom it has been my privilege to listen in the discussion of such questions."*
On the first of June, 1881, he delivered the Commencement Address before
*Oalilornia Christian Advocate, August, 1881.
52
Pioneer Society oe Michigan.
the University of California. He spoke of *'The Function of Universities.* This was one of the most inspiring elforts of his life. He argued that univer- sities can never become obsolete. It has always been something of the nature of universities which has disseminated the seeds of civilization. He main- tained that a university must not assume to be a sole centre of civilizing thought, nor an authority to decide infallibly between truth and error. In our days all the world thinks, and countless crude opinions are continually thrown upon the stream of thought. It is less necessary for the University to origi- nate, than to regulate, discriminate, classify, select, reject, value, and stamp. But the University must be able to teach the most advanced pupils. It must encourage all original investigation. It must determine the true relative value of knowledges and arts. There may come, in the future, a recoil against science, art, and culture, as there is now, to some extent, against established forms of religion. In such an emergency, the University must defend the rights of intellect. The special forms of University activity must vary with the times, but the University can never be dispensed with as long as civiliza- tion endures.
His episcopal visitations took him to Salem, Oregon. Here, on the 24th of June, he delivered his lecture on *'The Modern American." The next day, with Kev. F. P. Tower, presiding elder of Portland district, he rode to a quarterly meeting about thirty miles away. They returned through a drizzling rain ; and shortly afterward Bishop Haven was prostrated by a congestive chill. While suffering from the effects of the chill, he delivered the Baccalaureate sermon at Willamette University, Salem. The next day, Monday, he spoke at the chapel exercise, and that evening he rose from the table at supper and said : ' I will bid you good evening now, and after a little I will say good morning.' The good morning is yet to come." f
"During the early part of his sickness he endured spells of extreme pain. Feeling one of these paroxysms coming on, he prayed to God to alleviate the terrible agony, and in a moment it all passed away. Mr. DenisonJ came in shortly after, and found him praising God. He spoke of his prayer, and looking at his friend with earnest affection and trust, he seemed to see his thoughts, and said: 'I am not superstitious; I am intensely scientific; but I say to you, that prayer was answered.' "
By the 21st of July he felt his strength so far exhausted that he deemed it a duty to inform Bishop Harris of his inability to meet all the appointments which had been assigned. This seemed to grieve him more than the prospect of death itself. His last letter, written to Bishop Harris on this subject, is most pathetic. It was dictated to his son Theodore. After referring to his sickness, and the encouragement offered by his physicians, he continues :
"I have provided for the holding of the Columbia River Conference, and hope to ordain their candidates, if there shall be any. The doctor tells me that I will probably be able to go to East Portland and preside at the Oregon Conference. Perhaps the Lord will help me to take care of the California and Southern California Conferences. But I confess Nevada frightens me ; and I am afraid, if it depends on me, it will have no president. Should I be able
* " The Function of Universities." An address by Bisliop E. O. Haven, D. D., LL. D., ex-Presi- dent of the University of Michigan. Delivered at the Commencement Exercises of the University of California, June 1, 1881. San Francisco. 15 pp. 8 vo.
t The last incidents of Bishop Haven's life are taken from an editorial account by Dr. B. F. Crary, in the California Christian Advocate, and reproduced in the Michigan Christian Advocate, Detroit.
$ Rev. J. N. Denison, of Salem, Oregon, Avith whom Bishop Haven was a guest.
Eev. Erastus Otis Haven-.
53
to reach Central New York, I hope a brother Bishop will be there to aid me. These are the facts.
•'*Allow me now to add that during every moment of my physical ilhiess, the Lord has consciously been with me, and I have had a peaceful assur- ance that He is mine and I am His. May the Lord bless you all ! I am, my dear brother, and brethren, yours in the love of Christ, and in the care of all the churches." In a postscript he adds: ^'I feel very, very weak this afternoon. The fever is all gone."
The hopes expressed by the dying Bishop were not destined to be fulfilled. From this date he sank rapidly. But his religious experiences were joyous. On the 30th, the Sunday evening before his death, he felt unusual joy, and then, as those dearest to him thought, the spirit began to free itself from the body. For the sake of family, friends, and church, he desired to live ; but surrendered everything to God's will. The last hours were marked by numer- ous exclamations of Christian trust and sustaining hope, ''Do you feel bet- ter, father?" enquired his son, the night before his death. He hardly seemed to hear the question, but said, "I feel happy, oh, so happy ! I feel within me a new life.'' Then he lay quiet a moment, and afterwards sang the stanza beginning,
" Blest be the tie that binds."
By his consent a telegram had been sent to Bishop Harris, requesting him to arrange a supply for the conferences that were soon to meet. On the morning of his death he expressed regret that this had been done, as he did not wish it to go on record that he had not done his full duty. A little later he listened to the reading of the newspaper dispatches respecting the Presi- dent's wound, and expressed satisfaction at the favorable character of the news. Soon after this he passed into a quiet sleep, from which he returned to consciousness but once. He was then asked, '^Are you trusting in Jesus?" and when the question was repeated he answered with emphasis, "Yes, oh, yes." And these weie the last words of a life for whose sweetness, and usefulness, and grandeur we thank God, but whose unexpected and untimely termination has brought pain to thousands of hearts. He expired August 2, ]881.
His remains were buried at Salem, almost by the side of those of his old friend and teacher, Cyrus Shepard, at Weston, Massachusetts, and on the spot to which Bishop Janes in 1850 had assigned him missionary duty. A few weeks before, he had stood by the side of Shepard's grave in pensive mood and penned communications to the papers suggested by the impressive circum- stances. His communication to the Pacific Christian Advocate, entitled "Prefa- tory Thoughts," was published June 10; the other, to Zion's Herald, entitled "The Plymouth Eock of Oregon," was published July 21. "How full of strange windings is every human life,'^ he said, " and we who have traced the windings of the life of this faithful Christian worker repeat the sentiment, and trustfully imitate the example of our dear brother by leaving the ordering of our ways to that wisdom which sees not as man sees.
Bishop Haven in physique was light but wiry and enduring, and his large brain overbalanced his bodily frame. His constitution was not frail, but he had many reminders of the necessity of sanitary carefulness. He seldom admitted the existence of any serious indisposition, and muo-h of his work was
54
Pioneer Society of MiCHiaAN.
done under the depressing influence of illness which would have sent many men into retirement.
His intellectual qualities were remarkable. In versatility few men excelled him. He knew something on almost all subjects, and, if in ignorance, a few glances of investigation set to work that intuition which pierced the subject through and through. His fertility of projects was wonderful. The whole field covered by a practical problem spread before his mind's eye, and nothing possible escaped his notice. He possessed, accordingly, wonderful adaptability to men and to situations. He was equal to every occasion. He never shrank from an embarrassment or a trial of strength.
His style possessed marked features. His readiness of expression was a marvel. Whether he spoke on science at an evening lecture in Amenia seminary, or responded to the call of his fellow citizens at Ann Arbor for a mouthpiece to express their sorrow over the assassination of a president, or grappled with Ingersoll on a Syracuse platform, before the assembled intel- ligence of the city, he was always equally full, equally facile, equally charm- ing. He rose to his feet at a moment's notice, and the veil which to most minds would have obscured the comprehension of the question was rolled aside, and he contemplated it instantly in all its relations. Every fact which could illuminate was at the bidding of his recollection ; every comparison, every thought which held alliance with the theme rushed gladly into his service. His strictly extemporaneous efforts were among his most admirable ones. His discourse was marked by extreme simplicity, but sometimes rose to a glowing and vigorous strain. In his address in 1853 on Common Schools Unsectarian, occur such passages as the following :
*'The greatest honor of Michigan to-day, next to her religion, is her com- mon schools. * * * And shall Michigan give them up? Shall she tear this crown from her head and trample it under her feet? Shall she denude herself of her robe of beauty, claim affinity with European despotisms, and plunge backwards into the Dark Ages? * * * Shall the tide of freedom, rolling westward, the astonishment of the nations and the hope of the world, here be checked, in this Peninsular State, and the future historian, as with sad pathos he chronicles the ruin of the United States, record that freedom received its death blow in the State of Michigan? * * Forbid it, patriots! Forbid it. Christians ! Your noble lakes, whose waters roll unrestrained as the ocean waves, command you to forbid it! Your beautiful springs, gushing up free and perennial from the common mother earth and offering their bounties to all, command you to forbid it ! Your contiguity to a foreign land under another government, for the sake of a good example to them, commands you to forbid it ! And your central position in this vast Union, from east to west,' urges upon you to forbid it ! "
Some of us remember his prolonged service as supply for one of the Con- gregational churches of Detroit, and his offer of a permanent engagement. We recall, likewise, one or more occasions when he consented to preach in a Unitarian pulpit in Detroit. We recall, also, the criticisms uttered by some of his less catholic brethren in the ministry, and remember his sharp-edged essay contributed to one of his church papers about this time, on Super- denomination alism."
Dr. Haven was an unreserved devotee to the institutions of his native country. I could quote many passages in evidence of this.*
* Increased Menial Activity, 12-15; Baccalaureate, 1867, li-15. See also his letters in Northern Christian Advocate contributed during his trip to Europe.
Eev. Erastus Otis Hayen^.
55
He was instinctively and enthusiastically an optimist. He could extract honey from every bitter weed, and discover uses for every abuse. His Thanksgiving Sermon, delivered in 1863, in the midst of civil war, is aglow with the light of divine mercy beaming through rifts in the clouds of national disaster.*
He had little veneration for tradition, usage, or antiquity. Mould and dust had for him no sanctity. The acclamation of a generation moved him less than the whisper of a fresh conviction. Age was venerable only for the excel- lence of the thing it graced. Posterity," he says, **will not show their veneration for their fathers by petrifying what they did, and adhering ever to old forms, however glorious in their day, but by imitating the principles of their fathers, discarding the false and useless, though old as the earth, and adopting the good, though never recognized till this hour." f
'^We are not now in the Middle Ages of Europe," he says, in his Berkley address of last June (p. 4), '*and can never reproduce its history. * * * The days of crusades, knight-errantry, and the inquisition have passed away. * * Quj. age i^as its peculiar atmosphere, and we, being to the manor born, exult in it."
His views of death were significantly reflected in a memorable communication entitled, Light and Darkness in the Last Hours," which appeared in the New York Christian Advocate of August 25th, three weeks after his death. It was a citation of the different moods in which dying persons approach and pass the boundary of another life. It was an opportunity for him to press the superior beauty of a Christian death. ^^One characteristic of Christian com- fort in the departing hour," he said, ^'isthe apparent absence of all conscious bracing up for the occasion. The Christian does not seem to be nerved to meet a foe. He is peacefully or joyfully about to start on a journey, and he seems to fear no lack of pleasant society on the way. It is a parting without the usual sign of grief, on his side. * * * Some Christians, perhaps fool- ishly, indulge fears about death. It is really, to one who dies, a matter of no consequence at all whether it is slow or sudden, attended with peace and joy or not. I have long since determined to indulge consciously no choice on the subject." He narrates the incidents of the death of an aged woman, over whose sinking form her daughter, as she leaned, caught the faint whisper —
" Vital spark of heavenly flame, Quit, oh, quit this mortal frame : Trembling, hoping, lingering, flying— Oh, the pain, the bliss of dying."
"Little did the Roman Emperor Hadrian think," the writer continues, " when writing his ode to a departing soul, or Pope, when writing his imita- tion of it, that Christians would die repeating his words.
" An English philosopher could relieve the unconcealed anxiety of his later hours by a fancied dialogue between himself and the ferryman who should bear his soul over the fancied river; the old Koman could cover his face and turn to the wall and die ; it is left to the Christian to remain unmoved and passive, and receive the summons which thrills the soul with the foretasted joy of heaven."
Who shall say that these words were not penned in the full view of his own approaching dissolution? I recall from his own lips expressions of the serene
* See, also, Address to Laiv Department, p. 13; Report to Regents, 1365, Min. Regents' Froc, 109; Report, 1868, 284; Increased Mental Activity, 17, 29. t Increased Menial Activity, 13. See, also, p. 29.
56
Pioneer Society of MiCHiaAisr.
composure with which he contemplated death He was always consciously prepared. Nor had he earthly work which so engrossed him that he felt like asking the Lord to adjourn the day appointed for his departure. This was his habitual mood; and when the solemn hour arrived, he was not disap- pointed by the inroads of dreaded agitation or concern. The Lord called upon him, and took him by the hand, and he departed with the Lord. It was a sweet repose — an exemplary death. It was a glorious translation from a world of shadows to a realm of sunlight. A wearied spirit lay down to peace- ful slumber. The friend of Grod and man rests in the bosom of his God, and his memory lives in the love of man. It was a sublime and inspiring close of a life of active usefulness and pure Christian example.
Certain states of society, he said, '*may be roused to duty by an ignorant but sincere ministry. But a cultivated community need leaders of another grade. * * * j^qJ^ l^j^a^ ^j-^e gi-gl^ grand requisite of those who
would be leaders of public sentiment, the formers of character, the propaga- tors of thought, and the saviors of their country in this nineteenth century, is thorough culture."*
He never omitted an opportunity to encourage classical learning. In the enumeration of the requisites of a perfect seminary, he says : " The sweets of classical literature too, should be tasted, and those Elysian fields, the earthly heaven of the student, in which scholars of all ages have loved to roam, should be more than pointed out or entered, and the student prepared not for drudg- ery at college, but for an easy, delightful passing through and lingering in the history, poetry, and philosophy of ancient times." f
Again, he says: "A thorough G-reek or Latin scholar has necessarily culti- vated an accuracy of discrimination, a power to see connections of thought, and to grasp principles, and to discriminate between false and true, which constitute the highest order of mental cultivation." J
He was not, however, a narrow classicist of the effete school. He sought to encourage all science; and his writings abound in passages reflecting his broad appreciation of science. He was himself well informed in the natural sciences, and continued to preserve his intelligence abreast of the march of science. Nevertheless, he delighted to prod the scientist occasionally for his presump- tion and his over-confidence in doctrines which still remained within the pro- vince of speculation. He was an unfl.inching champion of the freedom of intellect. One or two passages will illustrate his positions :
*'We glory in independence — the independence of mind. The ancients generally distrusted truth, as the bat-like conservative does now. They think that they must help it. They look at the eagle, and fearing that he may injure himself in flight, they clip his wings, and tie his feet together, and throw him in a cage and exclaim to the world : *See how we love the truth ! We have him secure in a golden cage.' America replies : ' If you really love the truth as we do, pull off his manacles and let him fly I Away with your golden bars and your human framework to hold up the heavens. What help does God Almighty ask from the muscles and nerves of men?' "||
"There is but little danger," he says on another occasion, in the freest thought, if the heart loves purity and the soul acknowledges and cultivates allegiance to the holy God. Thought must be free."§
* Increased Mental Activity, p. 20.
t Dickinson Institute Address, pp. 22-3.
t Report on English Classics, 1S55, Mich. Jour. Ed,, ii, 14S.
II Increased Mental Activity, p. 17.
§ Baccalaureate address, 1867, p. 10.
Eey. Erastus Otis Havek.
57
Bishop Haven's moral qualities were beautiful, and in all respects a credit to Christian life. The simplicity of his character and manners opened the way of approach for the humblest and the most timid. His manifest guile- lessness and integrity awakened a sense of security and trust in those who had intercourse with him. His gentleness and forbearance gave a sweetness to his character and a charm to his society. He never allowed himself to resent an injury. His most intimate friends never heard a disparaging remark con- cerning his bitterest enemies, unless as a statement of fact bearing on the decision of a business question. Partisanship found no shelter in his soul. He was not only generous to his detractors, but the spirit of church denomi- nationalism never prevented him from forming fair judgments and cherish- ing warm friendships for the whole body of religious faiths and believers. Even in his centennial sermon, delivered before an annual conference of his own church, he says : Before I attempt to show what Methodism is, what it has done, and we hope will do, allow me to state clearly that I do not intend to make any arrogant claims for this department of the Christian church, or to underrate what others have accomplished and are now doing." He then proceeds with a generous enumeration of the prominent excellences of the ** Roman church," *^the Lutheran churches," '^the national church of Eng- land at home, and its daughter in this country," *'the Presbyterians in Scotland and other lands, and particularly in our own country," and the ^'Puritans and modern Congregationalists." At the end he exclaims: ''I thank God that in this noble work we have many compeers in other churches. God bless them. Our aim is the same — our work is one."
Bishop Haven's extraordinary versatility of nature and attainments, with his facility and vivacity of expression, gave him very superior qualifications ^ as an editor and newspaper correspondent. He had a fund of information -available on almost all subjects, and required little or no preparatory reading or reflection to pen a paragraph or an article which the general reader would peruse with admiration and profit. During his entire life he was much in the habit of throwing off communications for the papers — especially the religious papers of his own church. At Syracuse, while Chancellor of the University, he seemed to be drawn by affinity to the companionship of the genial editor of the Northwestern Christian Advocate. He wrote often for that paper, and even contributed occasional editorials. Dr. Warren relates some pleas- ing incidents in connection with Chancellor Haven's ready assumption of the editorial chair for the purpose of affording needed relief to the overworked regular incumbent.
It is unavoidable, perhaps, that one so facile ot speech and pen should yield to the temptation of putting productions before the world on themes which required more elaboration than he had opportunity to give them. Hence, while all the emanations of his pen possessed vivacity, originality, and interest, many of them were suited only to an ephemeral usefulness. Probably this is all which he intended for most of them. Similarly, he suffered himself to -appear before audiences on numerous occasions, which were not worthy of his talents or his station — seeming to forget that the hours devoted to an address in a country school-house would suffice for bringing something of enduring value before a world-wide audience. But this illustrates also, how lavish he was of himself. It may also betray his greater fondness for immediate results than for that postponed but fairer fruition which slowly ripens only 8
58 PioNEEE Society oe MicmaAK.
under the warmth of a long cherished plan and a fond and patient period of study.
As an educator, his style of instruction was marked by perfect simplicity and lucidity of exposition, and telling aptness of illustration. As a matter of course, with intellectual resources like his, a very broad range of facts, anec- dote and doctrine was brought to bear on the discussion of every theme. His gentleness toward his pupils, his consideration, forbearance, and kindness were always conspicuous. He believed in the inherent honesty and nobility of student nature, and would rather be imposed upon a dozen times than fail to accept the ingenuousness of one at its full value. He was sometimes; accused of laxity of discipline. In some Instances evil students undoubt-- edly traded on his good nature and his instinctive trust in man; but I am. sure the act brought shame and remorse which must have exerted more of a reformatory influence than sterner discipline. Few persons can continue to impose on an unsuspecting and generous nature. Prying inquisitions, cease-, less suspicion, unrelenting discipline, relieve the student of his instinctive and powerful obligations to generous appreciation; and the more spirit he possesses, the more he feels aroused to meet and grapple with the efforts to suppress him. These traits in Dr. Haven awakened an affectionate and endearing regard in the minds of his pupils. Wherever he went he found the pupils of former years, and they loved to approach him and renew the friendship of their youth. His family have related to me the exuberance of joy with which he recounted an unexpected meeting of this kind in a distant State. In traveling through Arkansas he was compelled to spend a Sunday at some point where he supposed himself without acquaintances. Informa- tion of his presence in the town became circulated, ^^and in the afternoon he was visited by lawyers, merchants, and physicians who had been his students at Ann Arbor." He seemed delighted at the evidence that his old pupils still respected and loved him. This particular incident he used to relate with almost gleeful satisfaction, while he spoke to his family concerning the Uni- versity life of these gentlemen and their subsequent careers as he had heard of them from their own lips.
His views on education were liberal and philosophic. He was pleased with the broader education of modern times. "The ancient method of educa-. tion/' he said, "was by what might be called tight lacing from without. Souls were educated like Chinese ladies' feet. If any feature was becoming too large, a mould was clapped on similar to the apparatus of the Flathead. Indians, and firmly fixed till the inward force, by a kind of law of nature,, was absorbed."*
*Increaised Menial A.ctivity^ p. 15.
How Michigan got into the Union.
59
HOW MICHIGAN GOT INTO THE UNION.
The American Historical Record, vol I, page 158, gives the following account of the method pursued to reverse the decision of the State convention held in September, 1836, not to come into the Union on the terms prescribed by Congress. It is a sequel to the foregoing '^Journal of the State Conven- tion." The author of this sketch is William Duane, of Philadelphia.
On the 14th of November, 1836, a committee of the Democratic conven- tion of Wayne county issued a circular recommending the holding of another convention. It set forth that the representatives of Washtenaw county had voted in the first convention against giving the assent of the State to the terms of admission ; that if their votes had been given for accepting these terms, the result would have been different ; that since the holding of the convention, the people of Washtenaw county had chosen members of the Legislature favorable to accepting the terms by a very large majority, and had adopted resolutions for the immediate holding of another convention. It was urged that speedy action was necessary to *^save to the State her share of the surplus revenue, and the five per cent on the proceeds of the sales of pub- lic lands," amounting to at least six hundred thousand dollars. The com- mittee, therefore, recommended the people of the State to elect delegates to a new convention on the fifth and sixth days of the following month, Decem- ber; and that the convention meet at Ann Arbor on the 14:th of December.
Governor Stevens T. Mason, in a letter to the people of Washtenaw county, informed them that, in his opinion, the consent of the Legislature to the holding of a new convention was not requisite.
Delegates to the new convention met at Ann Arbor on the 14th of Decem- ber, 1836. The county of Monroe, the southeastern county of the State, containing Toledo and a larger part of the disputed territory than any other county of the State, was not represented in this second convention. Some of the smaller counties were also unrepresented. The convention unanimously adopted a long preamble and a resolution ''by the people of Michigan in con- vention assembled, that the assent required in the foregoing recited act of the Congress of the United States is hereby given."
A letter to the President of the United States, informing him of the result of the convention, was adopted by a committee, signed by the president of the convention, and entrusted to a committee of two to proceed to Washing- ton, and deliver it to the President of the United States.
The validity of the doings of this convention was recognized at Washing- ton city (January 26th, 183?) and Michigan took her place in the Union.
NOTE— See also Executive Documents, Nos. 46 and 68 House of Representatives, 24tli Congress, 2d session; especiaUy the paper marked B. , . ,.
[John Quincy Adams advocated the admission, although the proceedings were mtormal, and ic would add another Democratic State to the Union,— Compilek.1
60
PioisTEER Society op Michigan.
TOLEDO WAR SONG.
From the Lansing Republican, September 5, 1873.
Our friend, Dr. H. A. Atkins, of Locke township, Ingham county, sends us a ballad of the belligerent times when Michigan was emerging from territorial pupilage into an independent State of the Union. This ballad possesses the merit of picturing the public feeling and the leading events of that epoch, and will be new to the lovers of history and romance. Mr. Atkins says it was composed by a young man named Crawford, one of the immortal veterans who lived in Oakland county, near Pontiac. He was talking with 0. Gr. Dunckel, of Locke township, about the Republican's articles and comments on the Toledo war, when the latter said there was a nice song about that war which he learned in 1835 of the man who composed it, but that he had for- gotten the greater part of it. When the first two stanzas were sung, Mr. Atkins was very much pleased with it. Mr. Dunckel, who had not thought of the song for ten or fifteen years, continued to hum over the verses he knew till all the others came gradually to mind. He thinks it is probably the only song ever written concerning that interesting period of our history.
Come, all ye Michiganians, and lend a hearing ear; Remember, for Toledo we once took up sword and spear, And now, to give that struggle o'er and trade away that land, I think it's not becoming of valiant-hearted men.
In eighteen hundred thirty-five there was a dreadful strife Betwixt Ohio and this State ; they talked of taking lile. Ohio claimed Toledo, and so did Michigan; They both declared they'd have it, with its adjoining land.
There was jN'orvell and McDonell, and several other men ; They were all "Hurrah for Jackson! we won't give up that land; We will fight that rebel Lucas with his millions of men ; We know that we can flax him out with one man to his ten."
Old Imcas gave his order for all to hold a court; And Stevens Thomas Mason, — he thought he'd have some sport. He called upon the Wolverines, and asked them for to go. To meet this rebel Lucas, his court to overthrow.
Our independent companies were ordered for the march; Our officers were ready, all stifiened up with starch; On nimble-footed coursers, our officers did ride, With each a pair of pistols and sword hung by his side.
There was Wayne, Macomb, and Oakland, Monroe, and Washtenaw,
They held a general muster to see what they would do ;
They drawed on the militia and fitted them for war.
With musket, ax, and bayonet, with sword and shield and spear.
Toledo War Song.
61
On the thirteenth of September old Lucas set his day, He thought to take Toledo from Michigan away; But may it be remembered, it justly happened so. On the first week in September we marched for Toledo.
We held a general muster; we trained till past sundown.
At the head of all the Wolverines marched Mason and old Brown,
A valiant-hearted General, — a Governor likewise—
A set of jovial Wolverines, to bung Ohio's eyes.
When we got down to Toledo old Lucas was not there; He had heard that we were coming, and ran away with fear; To hear the wolves a howling scared the poor devil so. He said, before he'd fight them, he'd give up Toledo.
We staid at this Toledo the space of three long days;
We thought it would be foolish to make a longer stay;
On two most splendid steamboats, the Brady and the Jackson,
We took a soldier's passage and slowly moved along.
We came into a village, I think they called Monroe, At four o'clock on the same day that we left Toledo; And early the next morning we formed a hollow square. And listened to a speech made by our Governor.
His speech was not so lengthy as to occupy much time; We then packed up our little all, and bade them all good bye; On the thirtieth of September we reached our native home, Which ended the immortal war of Lucas and Mason.
But mark the alteration that has lately taken place; John Norvell and McDonell, and all that noble race, — Such valiant-hearted soldiers, such noble-hearted men, — That styled themselves Republicans, the friends of Michigan.
Mark the republic spirit that they have now displayed; At first they'd have Toledo or lose their lives in aid; But now the song they sing to us is: " Trade away that land For that poor, frozen country beyond Lake Michigan."
They say that we must surely trade, or we shall be cast out; That we shall lose our five per cent as sure as we do not; That we can't be admitted into the bold Union, But that we must, like the fifth calf, stand back and just look on.
And if we're not admitted, a member we can't send.
All for to represent us to be good and honest men, —
As honest as John Norvell, McDonell, and some more;
If their good names were mentioned, there would be half a score.
Then let us drink a health to those honest, upright men. To all those true Republicans, the friends of Michigan; And when we have another war for the disputed land, May they be ready, cocked and primed to fight for Michigan.
62
PiOKEER Society of Michigai^.
A HISTORY OF THE PRESS OF MICHIGAN.
PEEPARED FOR THE CENTEN^NIAL BY ORDER OF GOV. JOHN J.
BAGLEY.
TOM S. APPLEGATE, COMPILER.
compiler's note.
In the preparation of this brief history of the press of Michigan, the com- piler found many difficulties. He was, himself, crowded with other work, and this seemed to be the case with the rest of his journalistic brethren in the State. It was with great difl&culty that they could be prevailed upon to fur- nish the data absolutely necessary to the preparation of the work, and the responses to the compiler's repeated requests for information have extended over a period of five months. Of necessity, then, the work is imperfect, but such as it is, it is done, not indeed to the satisfaction of the compiler; still less, perhaps, does it fill the idea of others under whose notice it may fall.
It is tolerably certain that many changes have occurred since the prepara- tion of the work has been begun. Such changes as have been brought to the compiler's attention have been noted in the work ; probably others have escaped notice.
In concluding his task the compiler has the hope that, perhaps he has col- lected material that may aid some abler hands in the preparation of a volume that shall be a more complete and perfect history, and which may do more ample justice to the subject. But he entered on an untrod field, in which but for the help he has received, he would have been hopelessly lost. To such as have rendered him assistance he extends thanks, and only wishes that their numbers had been commensurate with his needs. Then would the task which devolved upon him have been better accomplished.
T. S. A.
Adrian, May i, 1876.
THE DAILY PRESS OF DETROIT.
Detroit, the commercial metropolis of Michigan, is conspicuous among the cities of the Union for the high character, the enterprise and the ability of her newspaper press, and in this State perhaps more than any other, the jour- nals of our chief city have a commanding influence. It has been thought no
A History of the Press of Michigan.
63
more than a fit recognition of the daily press of Detroit, that it should have in this history, a department of its own, and the following sketches of the four daily newspapers of that city have been, at the request of the compiler, prepared by gentlemen connected with the various journals mentioned.
THE DETROIT ADVERTISER AKD TRIBUNE.
"The Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, now publishing a daily, a weekly, and •a tri-weekly edition, represents the consolidation of a large number of news- paper interests, among them the first daily ever published in Detroit, or in Michigan, the initial number of which was issued on June 11, 1836. The present newspaper, however, really sprang from the Northwestern Journal, which was first published on November 20, 1829. It was a weekly and was established in opposition to the Democratic party by the Whig friends of John Quincy Adams. The Journal was edited, at different times, by Wm. Ward ; by Mr. Bellows, afterwards a distinguished Unitarian clergyman; by Major Thomas Rowland ; by George Oorselius, and by George Watson. The Detroit Courier was established in December, 1830, as an anti-Masonic and religious sheet, and was soon consolidated with the Courier. In September, 1835, a semi-weekly edition of this paper was issued under the name of the Journal and Advertiser, and on August 28, 1835, a tri-weekly edition was established.
On June 11, 1836, as has been said, the first number of its daily edition was issued, under the name of the Daily Advertiser, b6ing published by George L. Whitney, who believed that Detroit, with its then population of six thousand inhabitants, would support a daily newspaper. Franklin Sawyer, a graduate of Harvard College, and a man of fine abilities, was for a long time its editor, and among its contributors were Augustus S. Porter, Jas. A. Van Dyke, John Talbot, Charles Jones, Gen. A. S. Williams, and Gen. 0. B. Wilcox, all of them prominent and well-known men in their day. Mr. Whitney closed his connection with the paper in September, 1839, and was succeeded by George Dawson, afterwards of the Albany Evening Journal, and Morgan Bates, after- wards proprietor of the Grand Traverse Herald and Lieutenant Governor of Michigan. Hon. Augustus S. Porter had been the proprietor of the office for some time before this change. In March, 1842, Mr. Bates purchased Mr. Dawson's interest, and on November 10, 1843, the paper was sold to A. S. Williams, since a General in the Union army, and M. C. from the Wayne county district, who was then a prominent member of the Whig party, the principles of which the Advertiser had always supported. Gen. Williams con- tinued to be the publisher of the paper until January 1, 1848, when he sold out to ihe firm of Rawson, Duncklee & Co., for whom George W. Wisner became the editor. Gen. Williams at this time taking the position of Lieut. Colonel of the First Michigan Volunteers in the Mexican war. On May 17, 1849, Mr. Wisner was succeeded in the editorial chair by Rufus Hosmer, one of the most original and accomplished of northwestern journalists.
The Detroit Tribune was established on November 19, 1849, with Josiah :Snow and Henry Barnes as editors, and was published by F. B. Way & Co. It was also a Whig journal, and started as a cheap evening paper. In 1853 it passed into the hands of George E. Pomeroy & Co., with Joseph Warren as editor, and under this management rendered most important and invaluable service in bringing the Whig party into affiliation with the anti-slavery Dem- ocrats, which resulted in the formation of the Republican party in 1854, and broke the long hold of the Democratic party on power in this State. In 1856,
64
Pioneer Society of Michigan.
Mr. Barnes again became editor and proprietor, which position he retained nntil the paper was consolidated with the Advertiser, Mr. J. F. Oonover doing^ the principal editorial work in the political department.
Another daily journal was ushered into existence in April, 1853, as a Free Soil paper, and was known as the Free Democrat. It was published by the Kev. Seymour A. Baker, with whom was associated James F. Conover.* Mean- while, some changes had taken place in the ownership of the Advertiser, and Rufus Hosmer retired as editor, and was succeeded by the Hon. James M. Edmunds, now of Washington, the paper having been gradually enlarged during all this time, and appearing in 1854 as a 32-column journal.
On January 13th, 1854, yet another paper was founded — The Inquirer, established by Rufus Hosmer and Theodore Williams, but early in 1855 it was consolidated with The Free Democrat, under the title of The Democrat and Inquirer, and Rufus Hosmer became the editor. In July, 1855, the proprie- tors of The Democrat and Inquirer purchased the Advertiser establishment for the sum of $23,000, and consolidated the two, the business then being carried on by the firm of R. F. Johnstone & Co., and Rufus Hosmer continuing as editor. On November 22d, 1856, the ownership of the consolidated concern,, known as the Advertiser, passed into the hands of Hon. Silas M. Holmes, and matters continued in that shape until the summer of 1858, when Frederick Morley became the publisher of the paper, and Joseph Warren succeeded Mr. Hosmer as editor. Finally, in November, 1861, The Advertiser establishment was purchased by the firm of Geiger & Scripps, and on July 8th, 1862, The Advertiser and The Tribune were consolidated, under the name of The Adver- tiser and Tribune, the proprietorship taking the form of a corporation, with Henry Barnes, of The Tribune, as editor, and James E. Scripps, of The Adver- tiser, as business manager, its general affairs being regulated by a Board of five directors, elected annually. On July 18th, 1863, a weekly political sheet. The Free Union, was established by Mr. F. B. Porter, but in 1864 it also was purchased by The Advertiser and Tribune Company, making the sixth journal of which The Advertiser and Tribune is to-day the living representative. It has, since the last consolidation, continued to exist as a corporation, having live directors, and the usual corporate officers. For several years Henry Barnes continued editor-in-chief, being succeeded by James F. Conover, who was in turn succeeded by Charles K. Backus. The general management of the business of the concern remained with Mr. Scripps until 1873, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Henry E. Baker, the present incumbent of this responsible position.
When the Whig party passed out of existence, and the Republican party was organized, both The Tribune and The Advertiser supported the new move- ment, and the consolidated Advertiser and Tribune has always been a steady advocate of the principles enunciated and maintained by the Republican party.
The histories of the journals which have gone to make up the present Advertiser and Tribune illustrate very well the history and growth of the State and of Michigan journalism. From insignificant beginnings, and supported only by small frontier settlement some forty years ago, the little newspaper of twenty-four small columns, has developed into a metropolitan journal, sup- ported by a rich and powerful State. Even in 1841, when George Dawson bought an interest in the Advertiser, the paper was sold for $5,000; its weekly circulation amounted to only 2,000 copies, when put upon a cash basis, and
* Rev. Jabez Fox, now of Washington, D. C, was also connected with this paper.— [Compiler.
A History of the Press iisr MiCHiaAisr.
65
its daily edition counted hardly 400 sales. Now its weekly circulation approaches 20,000, besides large daily and tri-weekly issues, while its buildings and land, together with its equipments, represent a value of $100,000.
A.mong the calamitous incidents which have characterized the history of the journals that were consolidated into the Advertiser and Tribune, were four destructive fires. The Advertiser office was burned on December 31, 1841 ; the Tribune building was destroyed by fire in 1856, and again in 1858, and the Advertiser and Tribune building, on its present site, on Larned street west, Nos. 42, 44, and 46, was totally consumed by an unusually destructive conflagration, on April 13th, 1873. ,
THE DETKOIT FREE PRESS.
The Detroit Free Press was born into the world on the fifth day of May, 1831, and ever since that date has been doing as well as could be expected. The paper was established four years before the Territory of Michigan was made a State, and before railroads, canals, and telegraph lines were of pub- lic service. There was only a sparse population, but the Weekly Free Press received such encouragement for the first four years of its existence, that, September 28, 1835, the Daily Free Press was issued, being the first daily in the State, and the first in the northwest. It had the first power-press used in the west, and newspaper men came to Detroit from Chicago and other cities, to see the press work before they would invest. The Free Press office has been burned out only twice since the first copy was issued, having, in comparison with other old dailies, a remarkable streak of luck in escaping such disasters.
The Free Press is, and always has been, a leading exponent of democratic principles. But while steadfastly believing that in a return to tried and proven democratic principles of government lies our political salvation, its editorials are habitually written in an independent spirit of fairness and impartiality, alike free from personal rancor or undue favoritism. Indeed, the candor with which it discusses political questions, has drawn from its editorial opponents openly expressed appreciation on more than one occasion, and its absolute freedom from personalities has been admiringly commented upon. This dignified attitude has enabled it to view all questions of public moment from a more elevated standpoint than that of the mere partisan.
During the forty-five years of its existence. The Free Press has had several changes of proprietors. Previous to 1862 it had been held as an individual property, but in that year it was merged into a stock company, and has since been published by The Detroit Free Press Company, of which Wm. E. Quimby is president, and A. G. Boynton secretary.
The daily edition from 1836 to 1860 compared favorably in typographical appearance and editorial matter with the eastern dailies.
The last decade has made a vast improvement in the style and make-up of most of the dailies in America, and The Free Press has often been highly complimented on its artistic and neat appearance. At the present time the paper is as widely known as any in the land, and much oftener quoted from. Its circulation has reached a figure never attained by any other paper in the State, and is still rapidly increasing. The paper spends more money to secure telegraphic news and correspondence than any other daily along the lakes, outside of Chicago, and its daily supply of local and general news is so full that it finds its way into hundreds of families in the city who do not agree 9
66
PioisTEER Society oe Michigan.
with its politics. The Free Press lays claim to being a representative^ news- paper of Michigan, and the aim of its conductors evidently is to deserve the title, by striving to keep in advance of its contemporaries in everything going to make up a bright, newsy, and interesting paper.
THE DETKOIT POST.
The first number of The Detroit Daily Post was issued on the 27th of March, 1866, and of its tri-weekly and weekly edition the same week. It was estab- lished by a joint stock company, organized under the laws of the State of Michigan, by prominent members of the republican party in Michigan, to represent the radical and aggressive element of the party. Carl Schurz was its editor-in-chief, and continued such for a year. Since that time its editorship has been impersonal. The capital of the paper was furnished by the republi- cans mentioned below, and in smaller sums by members of the party all over the State. Among the owners of the paper are, or have been, Messrs. N. L. Avery and William. A. Howard, of Grand Kapids ; Jacob M. Howard, Zacha- riah Chandler, John Owen, E. B. Ward, John S. Newberry, T. A. Parker, and Allan Shelden, Detroit; V. P. Collier, Battle Creek; R, H. Crapo, Flint; Thomas W. Ferry, Grand Haven; Charles T. Gorham, Marshall; E. 0. Gros- venor, Jonesville ; J. W. Sanborn, Port Huron ; Charles Upson, Coldwater.
THE EVENING NEWS.
The Evening News was founded August 23d, 1873, in pursuance of a con- viction on the part of Mr. James E. Scripps that a cheap, popular newspaper, like The Boston Herald, The New York Sun, and the Philadelphia Public Ledger, could be made a great success in the west, though all previous attempts of the kind had proved failures. Mr. Scripps came of a family of journalists, his grandfather being the publisher of the London (England) Daily Sun, three-quarters of a century ago, and of The London Literary Gazette down to the time of his death. He had himself had fourteen years' connection with the Detroit press. The new paper was thoroughly advertised in advance of its publication, a strong corps of assistants was secured, and a four-cylinder Hoe press purchased — the second ever brought to Michigan. The paper was popu- lar from the start. Ere five months had passed it had an actual circulation of over 5,1 00 copies, and was fully paying expenses. In July, 1874, The Daily Union, a democratic paper of ten years standing, was purchased and merged into the Evening News. By the end of the year the circulation had increased to over 10,000 copies. The year 1875 was marked by many exciting events, under the stimulus of which the circulation made rapid strides, and the year closed with an average of about 16,500 copies daily. Since then the increase has still continued, and the first of May, 1876, finds the Evening News with a do7ia fide circulation of about 1 8,000 copies. Mr. Scripps attributes the remark- able success of his journal — 1st, to its cheapness, it being sold to the public at two cents per copy, and 2d, to the great care taken to make its contents pithy and readable. Its original size was 20x28 inches, and two successive enlarge- ments have made it 22x32 inches, seven columns to the page. It circulates largely throughout the entire State. In politics it is strictly independent. Its present proprietors are James E. and George H. Scripps.
A History of the Press m MiCHiGAisr.
67
THE PRESS OF MICHIGAN. ALLEGAK COUNTY.
This county, with a population of 32,381, has five weekly papers; two, The Allegan Journal and The Allegan Democrat, being located at the county seat